Ar1000

Manufactured by TA Instruments

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

The AR1000 is a rheometer designed for the measurement of the rheological properties of materials. It is capable of performing a variety of tests, including oscillatory, flow, and creep measurements, to characterize the viscoelastic behavior of a wide range of materials, such as polymers, suspensions, and complex fluids.

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Lab products found in correlation

Circulating bath 1156d, by Avantor (2 mentions) Vxr 400 mhz, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Jsm 7800f, by JEOL (1 mentions) Isotemp 3016, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

TA AR1000 AR1000 rheometer AR1000-N Advanced Rheometer AR1000

22 protocols using ar1000

Characterization of Polymer Properties

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¹H NMR spectra were recorded
at room temperature on a Varian VXR 400 MHz (¹H: 400 MHz)
spectrometer using deuterated solvents. Chemical shifts (δ)
are reported in ppm, whereas the chemical shifts are calibrated to
the solvent residual peaks. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements
were performed in THF at 25 °C (1 mL/min) on a Spectra-Physics
AS 1000, equipped with PLGel 5 μm × 30 cm mixed-C columns.
Universal calibration was applied using a Viscotek H502 viscometer
and a Shodex RI-71 refractive index detector. The GPC was calibrated
using narrow disperse polystyrene standards (Polymer Laboratories).
Melt rheology was carried out via a TA Instruments AR 1000 under nitrogen
flow, and 25 mm parallel plate geometries and interplate gap of 0.8–1
mm were used in all cases. Samples were vacuum-dried overnight before
use. All measurements were performed in the linear viscoelastic regime,
determined via torque sweep measurements. Frequency sweeps were carried
out at different temperatures (for PTHY100 they were 40, 45, 55, 65,
75, 85, and 90 °C), and for the reproducibility of the data the
measurement at T_r was
repeated. In all cases, the repeated frequency sweeps were the same
within 5% error.

Golkaram M., Fodor C., van Ruymbeke E, & Loos K. (2018). Linear Viscoelasticity of Weakly Hydrogen-Bonded Polymers near and below the Sol–Gel Transition. Macromolecules, 51(13), 4910-4916.

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Milk Viscosity Measurement via Rheometry

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Milk viscosity was assessed
through a controlled stress rheometer (AR-1000, TA Instruments, New
Castle, USA) equipped with a cone-and-plate geometry (acrylic cone,
6 cm diameter and 2° angle). Prior to the analysis, the samples
were allowed to achieve a constant temperature (20 ± 0.5 °C)
on the rheometer equipped with a fixed flat plate at the bottom for
300 s. A circulatory thermostatic bath (Circulating Bath 1156D, VWR
International, Carnaxide, Portugal) was connected to this plate, ensuring
that the target temperature was achieved and maintained. Before placing
the samples on the rheometer plate, each sample was mixed gently and
carefully transferred onto the rheometer measuring system, avoiding
the trapping of air bubbles between the cone and the plate. Flow curves
were obtained by applying a continuous stress ramp from 0 to 2 Pa
for 3 min. Rheological results were monitored using a TA Instruments
software package. The apparent viscosity measured at a shear rate
of 300 s^–1, within the Newtonian region, was used
to compare among samples.

Duarte R.V., Casal S., da Silva J.A., Gomes A., Delgadillo I, & Saraiva J.A. (2022). Nutritional, Physicochemical, and Endogenous Enzyme Assessment of Raw Milk Preserved under Hyperbaric Storage at Variable Room Temperature. ACS Food Science & Technology, 2(6), 961-974.

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Rheological Characterization of Yogurt

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Rheological properties were determined according to a method reported by Crispín-Isidro et al. [41 (link)]. A rheometer equipped (AR1000, TA Instrument, New Castle, DE, USA) with a cross-hatched geometry (40 mm diameter) with a gap of 1000 µm at 4 °C was used. Amplitude sweeps (0.01 to 100% deformation, 1 Hz) were carried out in both yogurts. Before measuring, yogurts were standing for 30 min to recover the structure and equilibrate the temperature at 4 °C.

Free-Manjarrez S., Mojica L., Espinosa-Andrews H, & Morales-Hernández N. (2022). Sensory and Biological Potential of Encapsulated Common Bean Protein Hydrolysates Incorporated in a Greek-Style Yogurt Matrix. Polymers, 14(5), 854.

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Rotational Rheometer Analysis of Foam

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A controlled-stress rotational rheometer AR1000 (TA Instruments) with a parallel plate geometry was employed for the rheological characterizations of produced foams. The parallel plates were covered with waterproof sandpaper (grain size 60 µm) to prevent wall slip. The gap was set at 2000 µm (about 10 times the bubble mean size). Dynamic and flow tests were performed as follows:

Sepulveda J., Montillet A., Valle D.D., Loisel C, & Riaublanc A. (2021). Towards High Throughput Structuring of Liquid Foams in Microchannels: Effect of Geometry, Flowrate and Formulation. Micromachines, 12(11), 1415.

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Rheological Properties of Hydrogels

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Rheology measurements were performed for the hydrogels (SPG-178, 1.0% w/v; SPG-178, 1.5% w/v; and RADA16, 1.0% w/v). In brief, a 40-µL aliquot of the hydrogels was placed on the plate of a rheometer (AR1000, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) and a 20-mm-diameter, 1° aluminum cone with truncation at 24 µm was then lowered so that the tip was 24 µm above the plate. A solvent trap was used to maintain a water-saturated atmosphere to prevent evaporation of the solvent during the measurements. The hydrogels were tested over a range of frequencies of 10–0.1 rad/s at 1.0-µNm oscillatory torque to measure the storage modulus (G′, the elastic response) and the loss modulus (G″, the viscous response) at 37°C.

Komatsu S., Nagai Y., Naruse K, & Kimata Y. (2014). The Neutral Self-Assembling Peptide Hydrogel SPG-178 as a Topical Hemostatic Agent. PLoS ONE, 9(7), e102778.

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Rheological Characterization of Hydrogels

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The rheological properties of the EKGel and BME were characterized using a rheometer (AR-1000 TA Instruments) with a cone and plate geometry, with a cone angle and diameter of 0.9675° and 40 mm, respectively. An integrated Peltier plate was used to control the temperature, and a solvent trap was utilized to minimize solvent evaporation. The hydrogels were allowed to equilibrate at 37 °C for 3 h before experiments. Unless specified, a strain was 1% and frequency of 1Hz were used (within the linear viscoelastic regime) and the temperature during the measurements was 37 °C.

Prince E., Cruickshank J., Ba-Alawi W., Hodgson K., Haight J., Tobin C., Wakeman A., Avoulov A., Topolskaia V., Elliott M.J., McGuigan A.P., Berman H.K., Haibe-Kains B., Cescon D.W, & Kumacheva E. (2022). Biomimetic hydrogel supports initiation and growth of patient-derived breast tumor organoids. Nature Communications, 13, 1466.

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Multimodal Characterization of Battery Materials

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization was performed on a JEOL JSM-7800F. The SEM samples for different cycle stages were collected from cells disassembled at specified cycle stages in a glove-box. The residual solvent was evaporated before SEM observation. The viscosity measurements were conducted using TAINSTRUMENTS AR1000. The samples were dropped into the measurement gap of 0.6 mm on the plate. The X-ray diffraction test was conducted on an Empyrean PANalytical. The in situ UV-vis spectra were collected by using an SEC2020 UV-visible spectrophotometer (ALS Co., Ltd.) coupled with a VSP electrochemical workstation, at a scan rate of 1 mV s⁻¹ between the potentials ranging from 2.4 to 3.2 V vs. Li/Li⁺. Pt mesh was used as the working electrode. Lithium foil was used as the counter and reference electrodes. An SCE-C thin layer quartz glass cell with an optical path length of 1 mm was used as the electrode holder.

Chen M, & Chen H. (2022). High-capacity polysulfide–polyiodide nonaqueous redox flow batteries with a ceramic membrane. Nanoscale Advances, 5(2), 435-442.

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Characterizing Mycoprotein Gel Properties

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To estimate the MP gel characteristics, 5 g aliquots were transferred into glass test tubes (15 mm diameter) and incubated at 4℃ for 24 h. After incubation, MP samples were heated in a programmable water bath by linearly increasing temperature from 4 to 80℃ by the rate of 1℃/min, cooled in an ice for 5 min, and then tempered at ambient for 2 h. Exudates in test tubes were carefully discarded, and the weights of gels were measured to determine the yield of MP gel. The yield was expressed as a percentage of initial sample weight. After measuring the yield, samples were compressed with an Instron testing machine (Model 3340, Instron, USA) with a 9 mm diameter of plunge and 50 mm/min head speed. The force at failure (the first peak) was expressed as gel strength.
For thermal gelling behavior, the sample mixtures prepared freshly were subjected to dynamic rheological test using an oscillatory rheometer (AR-1000, TA Instruments, Inc., USA) equipped with 40 mm parallel plates with 1 mm gap. The sample was loaded onto the sample plate and covered with paraffin oil to prevent evaporative loss during heating. Before oscillation, sample was equilibrated at 20℃ for 3 min and sheared with heating from 20℃ to 80℃ at a rate of 1℃/min at a fixed frequency of 0.1 Hz with a maximum strain of 0.02. The storage modulus (G') was recorded throughout the thermal scanning.

Davaatseren M, & Hong G.P. (2014). Effect of NaCl, Gum Arabic and Microbial Transglutaminase on the Gel and Emulsion Characteristics of Porcine Myofibrillar Proteins. Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources, 34(6), 808-814.

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Rheological Characterization of Ziziphus jujuba Polysaccharide

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The Ziziphus jujuba cv. Muzao polysaccharide solution for rheological tests was prepared by mixing the sample with distilled water (2%, w/w). The prepared solution was measured by a rheometer (AR1000, TA instruments, USA) with a 40 mm parallel plate. The sample solution was enslaved to stable shearing at 25 °C, and the shear rate ranged from 0.02 to 100 s⁻¹ [42 (link)]. The storage modulus (G’) and loss modulus (G”) of the sample solution were determined using an oscillation measurement. A strain sweep (0.01−100% strain at 1 Hz) was applied to test the linear viscoelastic region of the sample. The frequency dependences of G’ and G” were determined by a frequency sweep (0.1–10 Hz at 1% strain).

He Z., Zhu Y., Bao X., Zhang L., Li N., Jiang G, & Peng Q. (2019). Optimization of Alkali Extraction and Properties of Polysaccharides from Ziziphus jujuba cv. Residue. Molecules, 24(12), 2221.

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Rheological Characterization of Creams

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The cream’s apparent viscosity was determined using a controlled-stress rheometer (AR-1000, TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA), equipped with a cone-and-plate geometry (acrylic cone, 6 cm diameter, and 2° angle). The bottom plate temperature was kept constant using a circulating bath (Circulating Bath 1156D, VWR International, Carnaxide, Portugal). Samples were equilibrated to 25 °C for about 15 min and then gently homogenized and placed carefully (approximately 2 mL) on the top of the bottom plate to minimize the damage to the sample structure and avoid trapping air bubbles. Flow curves were obtained by applying a continuous shear stress ramp (0 to 3 Pa) for 3 min [17 (link)].

Machado F., Duarte R.V., Pinto C.A., Casal S., Lopes-da-Silva J.A, & Saraiva J.A. (2023). High Pressure and Pasteurization Effects on Dairy Cream. Foods, 12(19), 3640.

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