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6 protocols using chloramine t

1

Reagents and Chemicals for Experiments

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Chloramine-T was purchased from Nacalai Tesque Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). Methylcellulose 400, benzbromarone, dihydroethidium (DHE), and ANG II were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Olmesartan was a kind gift from Daiichi Sankyo Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). All other chemicals were of the highest grade and obtained from commercial sources.
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2

Regulation of Macrophage Oxidative Stress

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Human serum albumin (HSA) was purchased from the Japan Blood Products Organization (Tokyo, Japan). Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), MitoTEMPO, insulin, dexamethasone and isobutylmethylxanthine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Anti-F4/80 monoclonal antibody was purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA). Potassium iodide, chloramine T, acetic acid and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). 5-(and 6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dicholorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCFDA) and Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (D-PBS) were purchased from Invitrogen (Grand Island, NY, USA). Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM)-high glucose and DMEM-low glucose were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Co. (Osaka, Japan). All methods were carried out in accordance with approved guidelines. All experimental protocols were approved by Kumamoto University.
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3

Radiolabeling of L-α-methyltyrosine with 125I

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[125I]NaI (629 GBq/mg as iodine) was obtained from PerkinElmer. No-carrier-added [125I]IMT was prepared using the conventional chloramine-T method from L-α-methyltyrosine as a precursor.Briefly, chloramine-T (Nacalai Tesque) aqueous solution (2 mg/ml) was added to a mixture of L-α-methyltyrosine (1.7 mg/ml) dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and carrier-free [125I]NaI (925 to 1100 kBq). After incubation for 10 min, the reaction was quenched by adding sodium bisulfite aqueous solution (2 mg/ml). [125I]IMT was identified by HPLC (Shimadzu), and IMT, which was prepared using nonradioactive iodine, was identified by mass spectrometry (JMS-T100TD, JEOL). HPLC was performed with a COSMOSIL 5C18-AR-II column (4.5 mm by 150 mm; Nacalai Tesque) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with a gradient mobile phase of 20% methanol in water with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to 40% methanol in water with 0.1% TFA for 20 min. The column temperature was maintained at 40°C.
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4

Radiolabeled Benzamide Receptor Probes

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(S)-(-)-3-trimetylstannyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-N-[(1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-benzamide (TBZM; >95% purity) and S-(-)-IBZM ([127I]IBZM, >95% purity) were purchased from the NARD Institute, Ltd. (Hyogo, Japan) and ABX (Radeberg, Germany), respectively. 125I-NaI (3.3–4.1 GBq/mL) and 123I-NaI (8.5–15.0 GBq/mL) were purchased from PerkinElmer, Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA) and FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), respectively. Chloramine-T (>95% purity), sodium metabisulfite (>95% purity), and ammonium acetate (>97% purity) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan); domperidone (>90% purity), ethanol (>99.5% purity), and hydrogen carbonate (>95% purity) were provided by FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation (Osaka, Japan).
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5

Quantification of O-Desmethylvenlafaxine in Biological Samples

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Methanol, chloramine-T, ethylene diamide tetra acetic acid (EDTA), and glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) were purchased from Nacalai tesque (Kyoto, Japan). β-Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (β-NADP+), sodium hydroxide and isoflurane were purchased from Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan), and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was purchased from Oriental Yeast (Osaka, Japan). O-Desmethylvenlafaxine was purchased Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). 125I-NaI was purchased from American Radiolabeled Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, USA). 123I-NaI was purchased from Fujifilm Toyama Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). All other reagents and chemicals were of analytical or high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC grade.
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6

Serum AOPPs Quantification Protocol

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Serum AOPPs levels were determined by spectrometry (340 nm) as described previously. 37) (link) In a typical expreiment, a 100 µL aliquot serum was diluted ten-fold with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) transferred to 96-well plate and 20 µL of acetic acid and 10 µL of 1.16 M potassium iodide solution added. A chloramine-T (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) solution was used as the external calibration standard.
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