All subjects were scanned with a 3.0 Tesla MR scanner (Trio, Siemens Magnetom, Erlangen, Germany, with an 8-channel phase array head coil) to obtain high resolution T1w and T2w images. A magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence was used to obtain T1w images with repetition time/echo time=1,540/2.34 ms, field of view=256 × 256, slice thickness=1 mm (with no gap), and slice number=176. A 3D T2w Sampling Perfection with Application Optimized Contrast using Different Angle Evolution (SPACE) sequence was used to obtain T2w images with repetition time/echo time=2,500/316 ms and the same spatial resolution settings as T1w images. All T1w and T2w images were inspected offline and deemed free of severe motion artifacts or any major structural abnormalities (except for two subjects from Study 2 who were excluded). T1w/T2w ratio maps for each subject then were generated using a similar method proposed by Glasser et al.19 (link) Namely, T1w and T2w images were co-registered using a rigid registration and then the T1w/T2w ratio maps were obtained by simply dividing the T1w image by the T2w image at each voxel. The T1w/T2w value at each voxel was multiplied by 100 to obtain values for robust image analysis.
8 channel phase array head coil
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The 8-channel phase-array head coil is a specialized laboratory equipment designed for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications. It features an array of eight integrated radio frequency (RF) receiver channels that work together to enhance signal acquisition and image quality during MRI scans. The core function of this device is to optimize the reception of MRI signals from the human head, enabling researchers and clinicians to obtain high-quality, detailed images for various medical and scientific purposes.
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11 protocols using 8 channel phase array head coil
1
High-Resolution T1/T2 Ratio Mapping
2
Multimodal Brain Imaging Alignment Protocol
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T1 weighted structural MRI scans were acquired on a separate day using an 8-channel phase array head coil in a 3T scanner (Siemens-Trio, Erlagen, Germany). Parameters of the sequence were: distance factor: 50%; slices per slab: 128; FOV: 256; FOV phase: 100; slice thickness: 1.33 mm, TR: 2530 ms, TE: 3.39 ms. Freesurfer software (http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu ) [32] (link)–[35] (link) was used for cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation of the T1 weighed whole brain images for each subject. The individual brain scans were motion corrected, spatially co-registered by morphing into the Freesurfer average brain through spherical surface mapping [36] (link) and spatially smoothed with a 5 mm FWHM (Full with at Half Maximum) kernel.
To perform the alignment of each individual subject MEG data onto their corresponding structural MRI of the brain, we used the MNE software (http://www.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/martinos/userInfo/data/sofMNE.php ) [37] (link). We matched the fiduciary landmarks to their respective locations within the reconstructed skin surface from the anatomical MRI scan. The alignment was refined by applying the iterative closest point algorithm [38] .
To perform the alignment of each individual subject MEG data onto their corresponding structural MRI of the brain, we used the MNE software (
3
3T MRI Structural Analysis of Olfactory Bulbs
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MRI acquisitions were performed on a 3T scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with an 8-channel phase-array head coil. A standardized MRI for structural analyses was performed for all subjects, targeting structures that consisted of the left and right OB with a coronal T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequence: TR/TE = 4800/152 ms; slice thickness 2 mm; matrix size 256 × 256; 30 slices; averages 2; in-plane resolution 0.4 × 0.4 mm and no intersection gap) covering the anterior and middle segments of the base of the skull.
4
Multimodal Brain Imaging Protocol for Clinical Research
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Brain images were acquired on a Tim Trio 3T scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with an 8-channel phase array head coil at the MRI Center in the Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University. We acquired T1 and T2 images, and two experienced radiologists viewed the images to exclude participants with space-occupying lesions and cerebrovascular diseases. A 3D structural MRI was acquired using a T1-weighted MPRAGE sequence (TR/TE = 1900/2.7 ms, FOV = 25 × 25 cm, average = 1, matrix = 256 × 246, flip angle = 9°, slice thickness = 1.0 mm, voxel size = 1 × 1 × 1 mm). Resting-state fMRI images were obtained using an echo-planar imaging sequence with the following parameters: TR/TE = 3000 ms/30 ms, flip angle = 90°, matrix = 64 × 64, voxel size = 3.4 × 3.4 × 3.75 mm, FOV = 24 × 24 cm, slices = 39, slice thickness = 3 mm, and 6 min.
5
Structural and Functional Brain Imaging
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MRI data were acquired using a 3.0-T Siemens scanner (Siemens AG, Germany) with an 8-channel phase-array head coil at Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Each subject, with eyes blindfolded and ears plugged, underwent a high-resolution three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging (3D-T1WI) and a resting-state blood oxygenation level–dependent functional MRI (BOLD-fMRI) scan. The 3D-T1WI sequence was acquired with an axial fast spoiled gradient recalled sequence. The parameters were set as follows: repetition time (TR)/echo time (TE) = 1,900/2.26 ms, slice thickness = 1 mm, field of view (FOV) = 256 × 256 mm2, and matrix size = 256 × 256. The BOLD-fMRI sequence was obtained with echo-planar imaging. The parameters were set as follows: TR/TE = 2,000/30 ms, flip angle = 90°, slice number = 30, slice thickness = 5 mm, FOV = 240 × 240 mm2, matrix size = 64 × 64, and total volumes = 180.
6
Resting-State fMRI Acquisition Protocol
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MRI data was acquired with a 3.0T magnetic resonance scanner (Siemens 3.0T Trio Tim, Munich, Germany) with an 8-channel phase-array head coil at the West China Hospital MRI center. Subjects were asked to stay awake and to keep their heads still during the scan, with their eyes closed and ears plugged. Prior to the functional run, a high-resolution structural image for each subject was acquired using a three-dimensional MRI sequence with a voxel size of 1 mm3 employing an axial fast spoiled gradient recalled sequence (TR = 1900 ms; TE = 2.26 ms; data matrix: 256 × 256; field of view: 256 × 256 mm2). The BOLD resting-state functional images were obtained with echo-planar imaging (30 contiguous slices with a slice thickness of 5 mm; TR = 2000 ms; TE = 30 ms; flip angle: 90°; field of view: 240 × 240 mm2; data matrix: 64 × 64; total volumes: 180).
7
MRI Imaging of Migraines
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MRI scans were performed at the end of the observation period. All MwoA patients were migraine-free for at least 72 h at the time of the MRI scans. MRI data were acquired with a 3.0T magnetic resonance scanner (Siemens 3T Trio Tim, Munich, Germany) with an 8-channel phase-array head coil at the West China Hospital MRI center. Participants were asked to stay awake and keep their heads still during the scan, with their eyes closed and ears plugged. The T1 images were obtained with a fast spoiled gradient recalled sequence (Parameters: slice thickness = 1 mm; repetition time = 1900 ms; echo time = 2.26 ms; field of view read = 256 mm). The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) images were obtained with echo-planar imaging parameters: slice = 30; total volumes: 180; slice thickness = 5 mm; repetition time = 2000 ms; echo time = 30 ms; field of view read = 240 mm).
8
Multimodal MRI Brain Acquisition
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Two T1-weighted MPRAGE images were acquired for each participant using similar 1.5 Tesla MRI scanners (Siemens SONATA and Siemens AVANTO; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) and identical head coils (8-channel Phase Array Head Coil). Images were acquired with a sagittal, three-dimensional MPRAGE sequence with the following parameters: TE = 2.95 ms, TR = 2730 ms, TI = 1000 ms, flip angle = 7°, voxel dimension = 1 × 1 × 1 mm, GRAPPA 2, and acquisition time 6.21 min.
9
Resting-state fMRI Acquisition Protocol
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Resting-state fMRI was performed via a 3-Tesla Siemens MRI system with an 8-channel phase-array head coil. Foam pads were used to reduce head motion and scanner noise. Prior to the scan, the subjects were instructed to keep their eyes closed, relax but not fall asleep, and move as little as possible during scanning. The images were obtained via a gradient-echo echo-planar imaging sequence with the following parameters: repetition time (TR) = 2,000 ms, echo time (TE) = 30 ms, flip angle = 90°, slice thickness = 5 mm with no slice gap, field of view = 240 × 240 mm2, 30 axial slices, and 205 volumes in each run.
A high-resolution T1-weighted 3-D spoiled gradient recall (SPGR) sequence was used with the following parameters: TR = 1,900 ms, TE = 2.28 ms, flip angle = 9°, 176 sagittal slices with slice thickness = 1.0 mm, field of view was 240 × 240 mm2, and data matrix was 256 × 256.
A high-resolution T1-weighted 3-D spoiled gradient recall (SPGR) sequence was used with the following parameters: TR = 1,900 ms, TE = 2.28 ms, flip angle = 9°, 176 sagittal slices with slice thickness = 1.0 mm, field of view was 240 × 240 mm2, and data matrix was 256 × 256.
10
Resting-State fMRI Acquisition Protocol
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MRI data was acquired with a 3.0T magnetic resonance scanner (Siemens 3.0T Trio Tim, Munich, Germany) with an 8-channel phase-array head coil at the West China Hospital MRI center. Subjects were asked to stay awake and to keep their heads still during the scan, with their eyes closed and ears plugged. Prior to the functional run, a high-resolution structural image for each subject was acquired using a three-dimensional MRI sequence with a voxel size of 1 mm3 employing an axial fast spoiled gradient recalled sequence (TR = 1900 ms; TE = 2.26 ms; data matrix, 256 × 256; field of view, 256 × 256 mm2). The BOLD resting-state functional images were obtained with echo-planar imaging (30 contiguous slices with a slice thickness of 5 mm; TR = 2000 ms; TE = 30 ms; flip angle, 90°; field of view, 240 × 240 mm2; data matrix, 64 × 64; total volumes, 180).
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