The effect of the topical anaesthesia on the buccal site was evaluated with a 1 mm deep needle stick (with a 30-gauge ½ inch short needle) apically of the tooth, without bone contact, for 1 s at 1, 2.5, and 5 min, counted from when the topical anaesthesia was first applied to the mucosa. Injection of 1.5 ml Xylocain Dental Adrenalin 20 mg/ml lidocaine + 12.5 micrograms/ml adrenaline (AstraZeneca, Södertälje, Sweden) was performed with the same 30-gauge ½ inch short hypodermic needle applied to The Wand (Milestone Scientific, Livingston, NJ, USA), 5 min after application of topical anaesthesia. The injection was performed with the lowest possible injection speed for The Wand. Pain was graded by the patient on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS) after each stick and after each injection (Table 1 ). Discomfort was also graded on a VAS scale after injection. The patients reported if there was any irritation in the mucosa, and graded the taste of the topical anaesthesia on a five-point Likert scale (Table 1 ).
Adrenaline
Manufactured by AstraZeneca
Sourced in Sweden, United Kingdom
Adrenaline is a lab equipment product. It is a compound that functions as a neurotransmitter and hormone in the human body.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Lidocaine, by AstraZeneca (2 mentions)
Xylocaine, by AstraZeneca (1 mentions)
Tetric evoflow, by Ivoclar Vivadent (1 mentions)
Fetal calf serum (fcs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Amaxa nucleofector 2b, by Lonza (1 mentions)
Dubeccos modified eagle medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (edta), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Stereotactic frame, by Kopf Instruments (1 mentions)
Baytril, by Bayer (1 mentions)
Xylocaine with adrenaline, by AstraZeneca (1 mentions)
5 protocols using adrenaline
1
Topical Anesthesia Efficacy on Buccal Site
2
Cortical Electrode Implantation in Rodents
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Prior to the surgical procedure the animals were anesthetized using an isoflurane/oxygen pump system (Iso-vet Surgivet at 3% isoflurane for induction and 1% to 2% for maintenance; O2 1 L/min) after which they were placed in a stereotactic frame where constant isoflurane/oxygen was administered through a face mask. After removing the hair on the head, additional subcutaneous anesthetic (Xylocaine 2%, 1:200000 adrenaline, AstraZeneca) was applied. Then, the skin was opened and the skull was cleaned. Two holes were drilled, 4 mm distally from bregma, over the S1 sensorimotor cortex. First, the connector assembly was fixed on the skull together with a set of stainless steel screws that provide additional support. Afterwards, the electrode tip was inserted through the dura to a depth of roughly 700 µm and fixed in place using a drop of UV-cured dental cement (Tetric EvoFlow, Ivoclar Vivadent). Finally, the wound was sutured and pain relief was ensured for 24 h by administering 0.06 mg/kg of Vetergesic (Ecu phar). The implanted electrodes were temporarily stiffened using a 40 ± 7 µm thick dextran coating with a molecular weight of 40 kDa.
3
Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Skin biopsies were performed under local anaesthetic (Xylocaine 2% with Adrenaline 100 micrograms/20 ml (1:200,000), AstraZeneca) using a sterile technique following ethical approval (REC Ref No 10/S1103/10, Lothian R&D Project No 2012/R/DER/01) and informed consent. Both patients and controls were aware of their use of their samples in research. Fibroblast cell lines developed in Dubecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (Gibco) with 10% fetal calf serum (Gibco) and 1:500 Penicillin/Streptomycin (Gibco).
Three micrograms of expression plasmid mixtures (generous donation from Yamanaka lab)9 (link) were electroporated into 500,000 fibroblasts in Amaxa Nucleofector 2b (Lonza AAB1001) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and transferred to a 6-well Gelatin-coated plate (1% Sigma) in DMEM/10% FCS. The cells were trypsinised upon reaching confluence and replated on Geltrek in Essential8 media43 (E8; Gibco) in a 100 ml dish. Colonies were counted after 25 days and hESC-looking colonies picked and expanded. Cells were maintained on Geltrek in E8 and passaged with EDTA (0.5 M, Invitrogen).
Three micrograms of expression plasmid mixtures (generous donation from Yamanaka lab)9 (link) were electroporated into 500,000 fibroblasts in Amaxa Nucleofector 2b (Lonza AAB1001) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and transferred to a 6-well Gelatin-coated plate (1% Sigma) in DMEM/10% FCS. The cells were trypsinised upon reaching confluence and replated on Geltrek in Essential8 media43 (E8; Gibco) in a 100 ml dish. Colonies were counted after 25 days and hESC-looking colonies picked and expanded. Cells were maintained on Geltrek in E8 and passaged with EDTA (0.5 M, Invitrogen).
4
Rat Jugular Vein Catheterization and Brain Surgery
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Thirty minutes prior to surgery, we injected rats with the analgesic Rymadil (5 mg/kg; Merial, Velserbroek, The Netherlands) and the antibiotic Baytril (8.33 mg/kg; Bayer, Mijdrecht). Surgery was performed under isoflurane gas anesthesia (PCH; Haarlem). The silicone catheter was tunneled from the scalp to the neck and was inserted into the jugular vein, where it was secured using sterile thread. We sealed the silicone catheter using a taurolidine-citrate solution (Access Technologies, Skokie, IL) and a polyethylene cap. After the catheter was implanted, we placed the rat in a stereotactic frame (David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA) and injected xylocaine 2% with adrenaline (10 mg/kg; Astra Zeneca, Zoetermeer, The Netherlands) into the incision site prior to the incision. A craniotomy above aIC was performed, followed by CTb or AAV injections (see below for details). After filling the skull hole with bone wax, cannula tubing connected to a Plastics One Connector-Pedestal and optic fiber implant (when applicable) was secured to the skull using dental cement (IV Tetric EvoFlow 2g A1, Henry Schein, Almere) and jewelers screws. Rymadil (5 mg/kg; s.c.) was administered for 2 days after the surgery. Rats were given 1 week of recovery following surgery.
5
Vastus Lateralis Muscle Biopsy Protocol
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The biopsy procedure was conducted under local anesthesia (Xylocaine with adrenaline, 10 mg/mL lidocaine +5 μg/mL adrenaline, AstraZeneca, London, UK) and muscle tissue was obtained using a modified Bergström technique with suction. The tissue was quickly rinsed in physiological saline, before fat, connective tissue, and blood were removed and discarded. Subsequently, the samples were quickly frozen in isopentane and cooled on dry ice or liquid nitrogen, before being transferred and stored at -80°C for later isolation of DNA and RNA. All biopsies from both pre and post training time points were taken at rest, in the morning after an overnight fast from the lateral portion of vastus lateralis muscle. All participants were asked only to consume water during the overnight fast and therefore did not consume alcohol and caffeine the night before or the morning of the pre and post aerobic training biopsy. The participants were also asked not to perform any exercise 2 days before the pre training biopsy. Post training samples were obtained at least 72 hrs after the end of the training intervention. Pre and post biopsies were taken from the left leg in all participants.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!