Single Bond Universal was applied to the pulp chambers of the replicas (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). A halogen light source (LED-B, Woodpecker, 1000–1700 mw/cm2) was applied to the pulp chamber for 10 s. Cementation of the endo-crowns was performed by using dual cure self-adhesive resin cement (Nova Resin, IMICRYL, Konya, Turkey) under finger pressure for 60 s. The polymerization process was applied to the endo-crown from 5 surfaces (buccal, lingual, mesial, distal, occlusal) with a halogen light source for 20 s each. In order to compare the fracture resistance, the endo-crowns were divided into 4 groups according to the RMC material from which they were produced. These 4 groups were further divided into 3 subgroups according to their margin design. Fracture resistance was applied to a total of 12 groups using a universal test machine (EZ50 Universal Test Machine 50 kN, Ametek Lloyd Instruments Ltd., West Sussex, UK). The load was implemented through a steel rod with a 4-mm rounded tip, and the tip was positioned at the central fossa of the endo-crown. Static loading was performed at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until fracture occurred, and the fracture loads were recorded in Newton.
Single bond universal
Manufactured by 3M
Sourced in United States
Single Bond Universal is a dental adhesive product manufactured by 3M. It is designed to provide a strong, durable bond between dental restorative materials and tooth structures. The product functions as a universal adhesive, offering compatibility with a variety of materials used in dental procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Filtek z350 xt, by 3M (5 mentions)
Axio observer z1, by Zeiss (3 mentions)
Filtek z250, by 3M (2 mentions)
Valo cordless, by Ultradent (2 mentions)
Futurabond u, by Voco dental (2 mentions)
Clearfil se bond, by Kuraray (2 mentions)
Clearfil tri s bond, by Kuraray (2 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethylthiazole 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide mtt, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Filtek supreme ultra flowable, by 3M (1 mentions)
Filtek supreme ultra flowable restorative, by 3M (1 mentions)
Prime and bond nt, by Dentsply (1 mentions)
Filtek bulk fill, by 3M (1 mentions)
Elipar deepcure s, by 3M (1 mentions)
Z350xt, by 3M (1 mentions)
Relyx ultimate, by 3M (1 mentions)
Te econom plus, by Ivoclar Vivadent (1 mentions)
Relyx ceramic primer, by 3M (1 mentions)
Vitrebond, by 3M (1 mentions)
Single bond 2, by 3M (1 mentions)
Clearfil universal, by Kuraray (1 mentions)
30 protocols using single bond universal
1
Fracture Resistance of Endo-Crowns
2
Dental Adhesive Protocols for Amalgam Restoration
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The amalgam specimens were divided into 12 main groups according to adhesive applications as mentioned belove:
Group 1 – Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE)
Group 2 – Alloy Primer (Kuraray) + Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE)
Group 3 – Futurabond U (Voco)
Group 4 – Alloy Primer (Kuraray) + Futurabond U (Voco)
Group 5 – Clearfil Universal (Kuraray)
Group 6 – Alloy Primer (Kuraray) + Clearfil Universal (Kuraray)
Group 7 – Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE)
Group 8 – Alloy Primer (Kuraray) + Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE)
Group 9 – Clearfil Tri-S Bond (Kuraray)
Group 10 – Alloy Primer (Kuraray) + Clearfil Tri-S Bond (Kuraray)
Group 11 – Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray)
Group 12 – Alloy Primer (Kuraray) + Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray).
3
In-Vitro Dentine Analogue Preparation
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The Ethics Committee approval was not applicable since no animal or human subjects were used in the present manuscript. An epoxy resin reinforced with glass fibre, validated as analogue to human dentine (20 (link)-22 (link)), was machined with the shape of an upper central incisor root (average total length of 27 mm, where the crown measures 11 mm and the root 16 mm) totaling 120 specimens (23 (link)). The root canal was standardised using a high speed drill with water cooling and a rounded cone tipped diamond bur.
The dentine analogues were etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 60 s, washed with air/water jet for 30 s, and then dried. Before cementation of the post, a thin layer of adhesive (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE) was applied. The dual-cure cement was manipulated in 1:1 ratio (Superpost, Superdont®, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and applied in the root canal. Then, the posts were inserted and kept under a 750 g weight for 5 min.
The excess resin cement was carefully removed. The post and cement was light-cured (Radii-cal LED curing light, SDI Limited, Bayswater, Australia; for 20 s at 1200 mW/cm2 on each restoration surface. For each specimen, a composite resin crown was manufactured. The specimen were then stored for 24 h in an incubator at 37 °C in 100% relative humidity.
The dentine analogues were etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 60 s, washed with air/water jet for 30 s, and then dried. Before cementation of the post, a thin layer of adhesive (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE) was applied. The dual-cure cement was manipulated in 1:1 ratio (Superpost, Superdont®, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and applied in the root canal. Then, the posts were inserted and kept under a 750 g weight for 5 min.
The excess resin cement was carefully removed. The post and cement was light-cured (Radii-cal LED curing light, SDI Limited, Bayswater, Australia; for 20 s at 1200 mW/cm2 on each restoration surface. For each specimen, a composite resin crown was manufactured. The specimen were then stored for 24 h in an incubator at 37 °C in 100% relative humidity.
4
Dentin Bonding Strength: Post-Bleaching Protocols
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Two post-bleaching treatment wait times (24 hrs and 30 days) were adopted to perform the adhesive bonding, with the specimens remaining stored in distilled water (37°C) during this period, with daily renewal. After the wait times, an acid-resistant double-sided adhesive tape was applied to the dentin surface of the specimens (Tectape, Manaus, AM, Brazil), which was perforated in a circular shape (0.8 mm in diameter). Next, acid-conditioning dentin (Condac 37, FGM, Joinville, SC, Brazil), application of the adhesive system (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA), and light curing (Ultrablue D-2000, DMC, São Carlos, SP, Brazil) with a light intensity of 900 mW/cm2 for 10 seconds were performed. The first layer of tape was removed, and Tygon® tubes (0.8 mm diameter x 0.5 mm height) were placed, coinciding with the areas demarcated by the tape, and filled with composite resin (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE, Sumaré, SP, Brazil), which was light-cured for 20 seconds.
After building three composite resin cylinders in each specimen, they were stored in distilled water (37°C for 24 hrs). Next, the Tygon® tubes were removed, and the specimens were loaded into a universal test machine (Kratos Equipamentos Ltda, Cotia, SP, Brazil) to perform the microshear test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.
After building three composite resin cylinders in each specimen, they were stored in distilled water (37°C for 24 hrs). Next, the Tygon® tubes were removed, and the specimens were loaded into a universal test machine (Kratos Equipamentos Ltda, Cotia, SP, Brazil) to perform the microshear test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min.
5
Rat Apical Periodontitis Model Evaluation
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The animal experiments were conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Seoul National University (SNU-180607). The rat apical periodontitis model was prepared as described previously [24 (link)]. Six-week-old female pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats were purchased from Orient Bio (Seongnam, Korea). Pulp-exposed molars were randomly assigned into four groups according to the inserted agents. A collagen sheet soaked with PBS, 10 μg of Ef.LTA, 10 mM of NaB, or Ef.LTA plus NaB was inserted into the pulp chamber by slight plugging with a dental explorer tip for each group (n = 8/group). The remainder of the cavity in the pulp chamber was filled using dental adhesives and flowable composite resin (Single Bond Universal and Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA). No sample was excluded in our analysis.
6
Quantifying Tubule Occlusion via Nano-Fluid Leakage
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The extent of tubule occlusion was measured with the previously reported nano-fluid movement measuring device [17 (link)]. Apical 3 mm of extracted beagle incisors was cut with a high-speed diamond bur (TF-13, MANI, Tokyo, Japan) to expose the root canals. A 0.9 mm metal tube was inserted, while 32% phosphoric acid, adhesive agent (Singlebond Universal, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) and flowable composite resin (Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable Restorative; 3M, Alexandria, MN, USA) were applied to bond with the metal tube. All areas except for the defect region were covered with nail varnish several times. The prepared specimens were kept in distilled water. A nano-fluid movement measuring device (NanoFlow, IB Systems, Seoul, Korea) recognizes the movement of bubbles due to leakage when distilled water is left to flow from the tooth apex to the exposed dentin at 70 cm H2O. All measurements were taken 40 min after the specimens were connected, while the first 20 min of outflow was excluded.
7
Comparative Study of Universal Adhesives
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Three different universal adhesive systems such as Single Bond Universal (3M), Prime and Bond NT (Dentsply) and Palfique Universal Bond (Tokuyama) were tested in the study and were applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. The materials used are listed in Table 1 .
8
Root Canal Specimen Preparation
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The total of 91 teeth were used in this study. The calculus and soft tissue remnants on the root surfaces were removed using a periodontal curette. The teeth were cut using a diamond disc under water coolant 3 mm from the root apex. The teeth were cut 8 mm coronally from the new apex to obtain open-ended cylindrical root specimens. The root canal was sequentially enlarged with No. 1–3 peeso reamers (Dentsply Meillefer, USA). Irrigation was performed during canal enlargement with sterile normal saline solution to remove the dentine debris. The apical end was sealed with 2 mm resin composite (Filtek™ Z350 XT 3M ESPE, USA) with total etch bonding (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE, USA) to create a closed-end cylindrical tube. The smear layer was removed as previously described (14 (link)). The canals were dried with paper points before subjected to dentinal tubule contamination.
9
Etching and Adhesive Application for Cementation
10
Bulk-Fill Resin Composite Placement Techniques
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The cavities were roughened with 50 µm aluminium oxide (blasting medium; Dentaurum GmbH & Co. KG, Ispringen, Germany), cleaned with copious water and air dried. The cavities were then pretreated with a silane coupling agent (Porcelain Primer; Bisco, Schaumburg, IL, USA) for 60 s and air dried. A bonding agent (Single Bond Universal; 3M ESPE) was applied to each cavity and light-cured for 10 s (Elipar DeepCure-S; 3M ESPE) after adequate air drying until no visible movement of the bonding agent was observed. Filtek Bulk Fill (3M ESPE) was placed into the cavities using a delivery gun. The tip of the resin compule was initially placed in contact with the cavity floor, and the resin was delivered slowly while the gun was moved away from the cavity floor to minimize entrapment of air in the resin. Resin filling was performed with two different layering techniques (incremental filling with two 2-mm-thick layers and bulk-filling with a single 4-mm-thick layer). Each layer was packed for 10 s with two strokes per second using a 2-mm-diameter tip on the vibratory device specifically designed for resin application (COMO; B&L Biotech) with or without vibration (no vibration vs. vibration) (n = 10) (Fig. 1 D). Light-curing was performed for 20 s after placement of each layer.
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