Animals were removed from anaesthesia and, once lucid, treated with subcutaneous non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID, 0.7 mg/kg, 50 mg/mL every 12 h, Carprofen, Norbrook, Australia) and intramuscular Buprenorphine (Temgesic, 1.0 mL, 324 μg/mL Buprenorphine hydrochloride, Reckitt Benckiser, Australia) for pain relief, and intramuscular Depocillin for antibiosis (1 mL/25 kg every 12 h, Procaine benzylpenicillin, Intervet, Australia). NSAID and antibiotic treatment was continued for 3 days post-operatively, and as required thereafter. Clinical assessment was carried out twice daily to determine animal wellbeing, including urine and faecal output, food and water intake, and signs of apathy. Animals remained in indoor housing for 3 days post-operatively, after which they were returned to protected outdoor pens and housed individually.
Buprenorphine hydrochloride
Manufactured by Reckitt Benckiser
Sourced in Holy See (Vatican City State), United Kingdom
Buprenorphine hydrochloride is a white to off-white crystalline powder. It is a synthetic opioid used as a reference standard in analytical and biomedical research.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Buprenorphine, by Reckitt Benckiser (1 mentions)
Temgesic, by Reckitt Benckiser (1 mentions)
Gentamicin, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Antisedan, by Pfizer (1 mentions)
Male lewis rats, by Charles River Laboratories (1 mentions)
Infinite horizon spinal cord impactor, by Precision Systems and Instrumentation (1 mentions)
Buprenex, by Reckitt Benckiser (1 mentions)
Clonidine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lamotrigine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pancuronium bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Amitriptyline hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Promethazine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gabapentin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Atenolol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Omeprazole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Naloxone, by R&D Systems (1 mentions)
A803467, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Ibuprofen, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
14 protocols using buprenorphine hydrochloride
1
Post-operative care for animal subjects
2
Post-Surgical Care and Recovery in Rats
3
Biocompatibility Evaluation of Implanted Devices
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All animal studies were conducted at the Tianjin Institute of Radiation Medicine with accreditation number SYXK 2019-0002, under the ethical and operational guidelines mandated by the institute. All the procedures were performed under general anesthesia using isoflurane. Male Lewis rats weighing between 300 and 350 g (Charles River Laboratories) were administered subcutaneous injections of buprenorphine hydrochloride (0.05 mg kg–; Reckitt Benckiser) for pain management and ampicillin (50 mg kg−1; Sage Therapeutics) to prevent infection at the implantation site before the surgical process. The fabricated devices were implanted into the subcutaneous tissue through 5-mm-long incisions on the shaved back of the rats, followed by suturing with surgical sutures. Euthanasia of the rats after 8 weeks of implantation enabled the explanation of organs, including the heart, kidneys, liver, lung, spleen, and skin, as well as the extraction of blood for further biocompatibility studies. For histological analysis, the organs were fixed in formalin (concentration, 10 vol %), followed by embedding in paraffin, sectioning, and staining with H&E. Blood samples collected in K-EDTA and gel tubes were used to prepare samples for complete blood counts and blood chemistry tests.
4
Ventricular Cannulation for Metabolic Studies
5
Ventricular Cannulation for Metabolic Studies
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Cannulation of the third ventricle (3rd V) or lateral ventricle (LV;26-ga, Plastics One, Roanoke, VA) were performed under isoflurane anesthesia using the following stereotaxic coordinates:41 ,42 For mice, 3rd V: −1.8 mm posterior to bregma; mid-line, and −4.3 mm below the skull surface; LV: − 0.7 mm posterior to bregma; 1.3 mm lateral, and 1.3 mm below the skull surface; and for rats, LV: −0.8 mm posterior to bregma; 1.5 mm lateral, and 2.6 mm below the skull surface. For measurement of basal glucose turnover followed by a FSIGT, adult male ob/ob (B6) mice underwent LV cannulation and catheterization of both the carotid artery and the internal jugular vein during the same surgical session. Animals received buprenorphine hydrochloride (Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals Inc., Richmond, VA) at the completion of the surgery and were allowed to recover for at least 7 d prior to study while food intake and body weight were recorded. We excluded from the study mice and rats whose body weight had not recovered 7 d after surgery.
6
Spinal Cord Injury Protocol in Rats
7
Stereotaxic Procedures in Rodent Brain Regions
8
Stereotaxic Procedures in Rodent Brain Regions
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All surgeries were performed under isoflurane anesthesia using the following stereotaxic coordinates for procedures in ZDF rats: lateral ventricle cannulation (LV; 26-ga, Plastics One, Roanoke, VA): −0.8 mm posterior to bregma, 1.5 mm lateral, and −2.6 mm below the skull surface; injection of FGF1 or vehicle into the LV under anesthesia in animals without an indwelling ventricular cannula: −0.7 mm posterior to bregma, 1.8 mm lateral, and −3.8 mm below the skull surface; MBH bilateral microinjection of ChABC (or heat inactivated ChABC protein control): −2.6 mm posterior to bregma, +/− 0.4 mm lateral, and −8.9 mm below the skull surface. For unilateral microinjection into the MBH of Wistar rats: −2.8 mm posterior to bregma, 0.4 mm lateral, and −10.3 mm below the skull surface. Animals received buprenorphine hydrochloride for post-operative pain control (Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals Inc., Richmond, VA).
9
Feline Anesthesia Monitoring Protocol
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All cats were placed under anesthesia twice at 3-month intervals for completion of the study. Cats were placed and maintained under general anesthesia by the institutional anesthesiology service under the direction of board-certified specialists in veterinary anesthesia and analgesia on each of 2 occasions 3 months apart. Following a 12-hour fast, the cats were placed into an induction chamber and administered isoflurane in oxygen until recumbent. Cats were then masked with isoflurane in oxygen until they could be intubated. A cuffed endotracheal tube was then placed and cats received isoflurane in oxygen (FIO 2 = 60%), to effect, for maintenance of anesthesia. A 22-gauge IV catheter was placed in a cephalic vein and atropine sulfate (0.02 mg/kg, IM; West-Ward Eatonton) and buprenorphine hydrochloride (0.02 mg/kg, IV; Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals) were administered. All cats were administered lactated Ringer solution at a rate of 5 ml/kg/h. Cats were mechanically ventilated using a pressure-controlled ventilator at a rate of 10 breaths/min. Doppler blood pressure monitoring was used to ensure adequate blood pressure throughout the procedure.
10
Dermal Wound Healing in PCB-Exposed Mice
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This procedure was carried out in the animals used in Aim I (Table 1 ) of the study. Wounds were made two days following PCB exposure. Mice were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane (Isoflo®) through a cone mask in 100% oxygen at a flow rate of 2–3 L/min during wound creation. Mice were then administered 0.05 μg/g of analgesic Buprenex (Buprenorphine hydrochloride, 0.3 mg/ml, Reckitt Benckiser, Healthcare (UK) Ltd., Hull, England). A similar dose of Buprenex was administered twice daily for 2 days post wounding. A Wahl Peanut Hair Trimmer (Sterling, IL) was used without guides to remove the hair over an area on the upper back, a location inaccessible to the animal, for the creation of wounds. The shaved area was then cleaned with Betadine and 70% ethanol. Wounds were made using a 3.5 mm sterile disposable punch biopsy instrument (Robbins Instruments, Chatham, NJ) to create one full thickness dermal punch resulting in two wounds. A Canon EOS Rebel XTi camera was used to photograph the wound at the same time daily until the wounds were reduced to 10% of original size or for two weeks after the wounds were made, whichever came first. Image J software (version 1.41o, NIH) was used to analyze the wound and compare it to the reference wound, thus allowing comparison between rates of wound healing.
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