Pooled human liver microsomes (n = 20) were obtained from Corning Gentest Corporation (Woburn, MA, USA) and stored at −150 °C until use. All the experimental procedures involving humans have been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) guidelines. Phenacetin, bupropion, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, midazolam, 3-acetamidophenol (internal standard), chlorpropamide (internal standard), glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chlorzoxazone was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Massachusetts, USA). 4-acetamidophenol, hydroxybupropion, 4-hydroxytolbutamide, dextrorphan, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone and 1-hydroxymidazolam were obtained from Toronto Research Chemical (North York, Canada). Mebendazole (internal standard) was obtained from Aladdin Industrial Co. (California, USA). Plumbagin (purity > 98%) was purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotech Co., Ltd (Dalian, China). Acetonitrile and methanol (all HPLC grade) were purchased from Fisher Chemicals (Leicester, UK). Formic acid (HPLC grade) was purchased from TEDIA (Ohio, USA). Distilled water was purified in a Millipore system Milli Q (Millipore Corp., Bedford, MA, USA).
4 hydroxytolbutamide
Manufactured by LGC
Sourced in Canada, China
4-hydroxytolbutamide is a chemical compound used in analytical laboratory settings. It serves as a standard or reference material for various analytical techniques, such as chromatography and spectroscopy. The core function of 4-hydroxytolbutamide is to aid in the identification, quantification, and quality control of samples containing this compound or related substances.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Tolbutamide, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Dextromethorphan, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
6 hydroxychlorzoxazone, by LGC (3 mentions)
Tolbutamide, by LGC (3 mentions)
Bac to bac baculovirus expression system, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Chlorzoxazone, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Glucose 6 phosphate (g6p), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phenacetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Chlorpropamide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dextrorphan, by LGC (2 mentions)
Tris hydroxymethyl aminomethane hydrochloride tris hcl, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase g6pdh, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
6β hydroxytestosterone, by LGC (2 mentions)
Supersignal west pico trial kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Sf 900 3 sfm insect culture medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Telmisartan, by LGC (2 mentions)
Mouse monoclonal anti or antibody, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (2 mentions)
4 hydroxydiclofenac, by LGC (2 mentions)
Testosterone, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sulfaphenazole, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
10 protocols using 4 hydroxytolbutamide
1
Profiling Human Liver Microsomal Metabolism
2
Investigating Cytochrome P450 Enzymes
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The following are used in the study: testosterone, paracetamol, phenacetin, and NADPH (Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. China); dextran, dextromethorphan, omeprazole, 5-hydroxy omeprazole, tolbutamide, 4-hydroxytolbutamide, and 6β-hydroxytestosterone (Toronto Research Chemicals); BCA protein Kit (Lianke Biotechnology Corporate Limited, No. a81911151); primer (synthesized by Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd.); reverse transcription Kit (Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 20190328); and CYP1A2, cyp2d1, CYP3A4, CYP3A1, CYP2C19, and CYP2C11 antibodies (Abcam Company).
3
Baculovirus Expression and Drug Metabolism
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TaKaRa MiniBEST Whole Blood Genomic DNA Extraction Kit, PrimeSTAR HS DNA polymerase, restriction enzymes, and T4 DNA ligase were purchased from Takara Bio Inc. (Kusatsu, Japan). Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf) 21 cells, fetal bovine serum, Sf-900™ III SFM insect culture medium, Cellfectin II Reagent, and the Bac-to-Bac™ Baculovirus Expression System were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, United States). Tolbutamide, 4-hydroxy Tolbutamide, losartan, losartan carboxylic acid, warfarin, 7-hydroxy warfarin, diazepam and midazolam (internal standard [IS]) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada). Rabbit polyclonal anti-CYP2C9 antibody and mouse monoclonal anti-OR antibody were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, United Kingdom) and Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, United States), respectively. A SuperSignal West Pico Trial Kit was obtained from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL, United States). A regeneration system for the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was obtained from Promega (Madison, WI, United States). High-performance liquid chromatography-grade organic solvents and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry-grade acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All other chemicals and reagents used were of the highest purity available.
4
Recombinant Protein Production in Insect Cells
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Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf)21 insect cells, Sf‐900™ III SFM insect culture medium, Cellfectin transfection reagent, Grace's Insect Medium, fetal bovine serum, and the Bac‐to‐Bac Baculovirus Expression System were purchased from Invitrogen. Restriction enzymes were obtained from Takara Bio. Rabbit polyclonal anti‐CYP2C9 antibody was obtained from AbD Serotec. The mouse monoclonal anti‐OR antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Diclofenac and chlorpropamide were obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Tolbutamide, losartan, and E‐3174 were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. 4‐hydroxyDiclofenac, 4‐hydroxyTolbutamide, and telmisartan were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. High‐performance liquid chromatography‐grade solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific Co. All the other chemicals and solvents were of the highest grade or analytical grade that were commercially available.
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Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf)21 insect cells, Sf‐900™ III SFM insect culture medium, Cellfectin transfection reagent, Grace's Insect Medium, fetal bovine serum, and the Bac‐to‐Bac Baculovirus Expression System were purchased from Invitrogen. Restriction enzymes were obtained from Takara Bio. Rabbit polyclonal anti‐CYP2C9 antibody was obtained from AbD Serotec. The mouse monoclonal anti‐OR antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Diclofenac and chlorpropamide were obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Tolbutamide, losartan, and E‐3174 were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. 4‐hydroxyDiclofenac, 4‐hydroxyTolbutamide, and telmisartan were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. High‐performance liquid chromatography‐grade solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific Co. All the other chemicals and solvents were of the highest grade or analytical grade that were commercially available.
5
Sauchinone Purity Characterization and Evaluation
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Sauchinone (over 98% purity) was provided by Professor Chin Y.-W. (Pharmacognosy Laboratory of Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea) according to the modification of previously reported method [48 (link)]. Hydroxybupropion, 4-hydroxymephenytoin, 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone, S-mephenytoin, and pooled human liver microsomes from a mixed pool of 50 donors (HLMs; BD Ultra Pool HLM 50, cat. 452156) were purchased from BD Gentest Co. (Woburn, MA, USA). Acetaminophen, chlorzoxazone, clopidogrel, coumarin, furafylline, 6α-hydroxytestosterone, 7-hydroxycoumarin, ketoconazole, 4-methylpyrazole, omeprazole, paroxetine, phenacetin, quinidine, sibutramine, sulfaphenazole, testosterone, tetraethylthiuram disulfide, ticlopidine, tienilic acid, tolbutamide, tranylcypromine, verapamil, and reduced form of NADPH (as a tetrasodium salt) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dextrorphan and 4-hydroxytolbutamide were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (North York, ON, Canada). Bupropion, carbamazepine (internal standard, IS), dextromethorphan, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, and 8-methoxypsoralen were purchased Wako Co. (Tokyo, Japan). All other chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade.
6
Cytochrome P450 Mediated Metabolism
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Tolbutamide was purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany). 4-hydroxyTolbutamide and 6-hydroxychlorzoxazone were obtained from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (North York, Canada). Dextromethorphan, dextrorphan and chlorzoxazone were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Testosterone was obtained from International Laboratory Limited (San Bruno, CA, USA). 6β-hydroxytestosterone was purchased from BD Biosciences Co. (Woburn, MA, USA). Phenacetin, cortisone acetate, EB and EE were from National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (Beijing, China). NADPH was obtained from Roche Diagnostics GmbH (Mannheim, Germany). All other reagents were of HPLC or analytical grade.
7
Comprehensive Analytical Procedures for Pharmacokinetics
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Chlorzoxazone, dextromethorphan, tolbutamide, testosterone, omeprazole, 6-hydroxyChlorzoxazone, dextrorphan, and 5-hydroxyomeprazole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (St. Louis, USA). 6β-Hydroxytestosterone and 4-hydroxytolbutamide were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (Toronto, Canada). β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was purchased from Roche (Roche, Switzerland). Vinpocetine, propranolol, and gliclazide were obtained from the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). Acetonitrile of high-performance liquid chromatography grade was obtained from Fisher Co. Ltd. (Waltham, MA, USA). Milli-Q (Milford, MA, USA) water was used throughout the experiments.
8
Baculovirus-Mediated Recombinant Protein Expression
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Materials and kits were purchased from the following sources: TIANamp Blood DNA Midi Kit (TIANGEN, Beijing, China); PrimeSTAR HS DNA polymerase and restriction enzymes (Takara Bio, Inc.; Otsu, Shiga, Japan); Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf)21 insect cells, Sf-900TM III SFM insect culture medium and Bac to-Bac Baculovirus Expression System (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, United States); Mouse monoclonal anti-OR antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, Texas, United States); Rabbit polyclonal anti-CYP2C9 antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, United Kingdom); Super Signal West Pico Trial Kit (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL, United States); 4-Hydroxytolbutamide, 4-hydroxydiclofenac, and telmisartan (Toronto Research Chemicals, Inc.; Toronto, Ontario, Canada); Diclofenac and chlorpropamide (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.; Tokyo, Japan); Tolbutamide, losartan and E-3174 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, United States); NADPH-regenerating system (Promega, Madison, WI, United States); High-pressure liquid chromatography-grade solvents (Fisher Scientific Co.; Fair Lawn, NJ, United States). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade or the highest commercially available quality.
9
Quantitative LC-MS/MS Bioanalysis
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Phenacetin (99.9%, T0778), acetaminophen (99.9%, T0065), tolbutamide (99.7%, T1054), metoprolol (99.8%, T0487), and chlorzoxazone (99.7%, T1650) were purchased from Target Molecule Corp. (Massachusetts, USA); omeprazole (> 99%, MB1692-S) from Dalian Meilun Biotech Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China); midazolam (5 mg/mL, H10980025) from Jiangsu Enhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Xuzhou, China); 4 -hydroxytolbutamide (100%, H969850), 5 -hydroxyomepreole (95%, H948110), α -hydroxymetoprolol (100%, H948390), and 6 -hydroxychlorzoxazone (100%, H825120) from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada); 1hydroxymidazolam (95%, 10385-1) from Cayman Chemicals (Michigan, USA); and lamotrigine (100775-200401) from National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). Glycyrrhetic acid (> 98%, B20412) was obtained from Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and used as internal standard (IS). HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Merck Company (Darmstadt, Germany); formic acid from CNW Technologies (Dusseldorf, Germany); phosphate buffer saline from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China); ReadiUse NADPH Regenerating Kit from Wuhan PrimeTox Bio-pharma Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China); and deionized water from a Millipore Milli-Q Plus system (Bedford, USA).
10
Enzyme Activity Measurement Protocol
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Tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, sulfaphenazole, glucose 6phosphate (G6P), glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), -nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), and tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane hydrochloride (Tris-HCl) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (USA). 4-hydroxyTolbutamide was obtained from Toronto Research Chemical (CA). Cucurbitacin E (puri-ty>98%) was purchased from Shanghai Zhanshu Chemical Technology Co. (Shanghai). Fluconazole was supplied by Energy Chemical (Shanghai). Carbamazepine was obtained from J&K Scientific Co. (Beijing). Acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol (all high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade) were purchased from Merck (Germany). Acetic acid glacial (HPLC grade) was purchased from TEDIA (USA). Ethyl acetate (HPLC grade) was purchased from Fisher chemicals (UK). Distilled water was purified in a Millipore system Milli Q.
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