D8 advance germany

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images and TEM element mapping were characterized on a JEM-2100F (JEOL, Akishima, Japan). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and scanning electron microscopy in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) analysis were made by using scanning electron microscopy (SU-8010, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). An X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with Cu/Co radiation from D8 ADVANCE Germany (Bruker, Ettlingen, Germany) was used to identify the crystalline phase. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was recorded by using a Thermo Scientific ESCALAB 250XI X-ray spectrometer (Waltham, MA, USA). The N₂ adsorption/desorption experiment was measured with a Micromeritics ASAP 2460 analyzer (Norcross, GA, USA). A UV–vis spectrophotometer (T6 New Century, Beijing, China) was used for the detection of protein concentration, and a vortex mixer (VM-0003M, Labyeah, Shanghai, China) was used for the incubation of protein. Separation of the actual protein sample was performed by a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis apparatus (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).