Folin ciocalteu s phenol reagent

Standards of gallic acid, rutin, oxymatrine and aucubin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). Folin Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent and aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) of Sangon (China) were used in the study. All other solvents and chemicals were of analytical grade.
Escherichia coli 055:B5 endotoxin from Sigma-Aldrich and the cytokine immunoassay kits from Shanghai MLBIO Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (China) were used in the study.

The dried U. pinnatifida was supplied by Dalian LiaoHai Aquatic Food Trading Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China). It was stored in a sealing bag before analysis. Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent was obtained from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Fucoxanthin (≥98%, HPLC grade), chlorophyll A (≥95%, HPLC grade) and gallic acid (≥98%, HPLC grade) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Methanol (HPLC grade) was purchased from Sibiquan Chemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Acetone (HPLC grade) was supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagents Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals used for the analysis were analytical grade.

Standard compounds (chlorogenic acid, schisandrin, Schisantherin A, deoxyschizandrin, and γ-schizandrin) were all purchased from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical (Beijing, China) and Biological Products of China. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was purchased from Sigma (Shanghai, China). HPLC-grade acetonitrile (ACN) was from J & K Scientific (Tianjin, China). Tris-HCl, citric acid, and Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent were purchased from Sango Biotech (Shanghai, China) Co. Ltd. Phosphoric acid, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and 95% ethanol were of analytical grade and were ordered from Shandong Yuwang Chemical Company (Dezhou, China).