Agilent system cary 630 ft ir model

The first observation is change of color, where the color of extract without treatment of AgNO₃ is bright yellow but after treatment with AgNO₃ converted to dark brown. The range of wave length for Ag-NPs is between 200 and 800 nm, which is detected by UV–Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-1700, Japan). Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is responsible for the detection of functional group responsible for reducing, stabilizing, and capping Ag-NPs. The FTIR (Agilent system Cary 630 FT-IR model), analysis in the range of 400–4000 cm⁻¹ the technique use the potassium bromide to convert to fine powder. Crystalline metallic silver was perceived by Seifert3003TT X-ray diffractometer, utilizing Cu-Kα radiation (λ = 0.1546 nm). Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) was use to determine the morphology and size of Ag-NPs. The sample was made by dropping the AgNPs solution onto a carbon-coated copper-grid and placing it onto a specimen holder. The sizes and shapes of AgNPs were validated using TEM micrographs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to determine the surface morphology of phyto-synthesized Ag-NPs.

The UV–visible absorption spectra of biosynthesized ZnO-NPs were measured using a Hitachi U-2800 in the 290–710 nm range. The sample’s Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were taken in the 400–4000 cm^–1 range using an Agilent system Cary 630 FTIR model (Agilent Technologies Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA). The collected spectral data were compared to the reference chart to determine the functional groups present in the sample. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to examine the size and form of ZnO-NPs. For TEM analysis, a drop of the solution was placed on carbon-coated copper grids (CCG) and dried by allowing water to evaporate at room temperature. Electron micrographs were obtained using a JEOL JEM-1010 transmission electron microscope (Jeol, Tokyo, Japan) at 80 kV at The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology (RCMB), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to study the crystalline structure of the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs using the Shimadzu apparatus with nickel-filter and Cu-Ka target, Shimadzu Scientific Instruments (SSI), Kyoto, Japan. The zeta potential of the nanoparticles in the solution was determined using the Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern, UK. Zetasizer software (V7.12, Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) was used to collect and evaluate data.

The functional groups present in callus aqueous extract that have important roles in the biofabrication of Ag-NPs were analyzed using FT-IR. Agilent system Cary 630 FT-IR model was used to achieve this goal by measure the wavenumber in the range 400 to 4000 cm⁻¹ [30 (link)].