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4 protocols using turbo dna free dnase treatment and removal reagents

1

RNA Isolation from Skin Samples

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For RNA isolation, skin samples were thawed on ice and placed in lysis solution (TRI Reagent, RiboPure™ kit, Ambion, Inc., Austin, Texas) and homogenized with a rotor-stator homogenizer (T 10 basic ULTRA-TURRAX 230 V IKA 3420000) using standard procedures. Total RNA was then isolated using the RiboPure™ kit (Ambion, Inc., Austin, Texas) under strict RNase-free conditions according to the manufacturer's protocol. In order to remove contaminating DNA, a DNase digestion step was included using TURBO DNA-free™ DNase treatment and removal reagents (Ambion, Inc., Austin, Texas) following the manufacturer's instructions. RNA concentration was determined by a Nanodrop device (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.). Samples had a final concentration of RNA of 34.7–251.6 ng/μl. RNA integrity and quality were assessed by using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA). The majority of samples included in this study had an RNA integrity number value greater than 7. The recovered RNA was stored at −80°C until cDNA synthesis.
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2

RNA Isolation from Skin Samples

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Before RNA isolation protocol, skin samples were thawed on ice and placed in lysis solution (TRI Reagent, RiboPure™ Kit, Ambion, Austin, USA) and homogenized with a rotor-stator homogenizer (T 10 basic ULTRA-TURRAX 230V IKA 3420000) using standard procedures. Total RNA was then isolated using the RiboPure™ Kit (Ambion) under strict RNase-free condition according to the manufacturer’s protocol. In order to remove contaminating DNA, a DNase digestion step was included using TURBO DNA-free™ DNase Treatment and Removal Reagents (Ambion) following the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA concentration was determined by a Nanodrop device (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA) and RNA integrity and quality were assessed by using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, USA) in some biopsies. Samples had a final concentration of 9.4–881.2 ng/µl. The majority of samples included in this study had an RNA integrity number value greater than 7. The recovered RNA was stored at – 80 °C until cDNA synthesis.
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3

qRT-PCR Analysis of Transgene Expression

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qRT-PCR was carried out on genomic DNA and RNA samples to determine relative copy number and relative RNA expression levels of transgenes, respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from approximately 5.0 × 106 cells using GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). RNA was extracted from a minimum of 1.0 × 106 cells using TRIzol™ Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific), followed by DNase treatment to remove contaminating DNA (TURBO DNA-free™ DNase Treatment and Removal Reagents, Thermo Fisher Scientific). cDNAs were synthesized from 1 μg of total RNAs using Maxima First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit for RT-qPCR (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The qRT-PCR was performed in an Mx3005P qPCR System (Agilent Technologies) using Brilliant III Ultra-Fast SYBR® Green QPCR Master Mix (Agilent Technologies) as described previously23 (link). Target regions were amplified using primers listed in Supporting Table S3 that were validated by melting curve analysis and agarose gel electrophoresis. Fold changes were calculated using the ∆∆CT method. Vinculin was used as normalizer for genomic DNA quantification23 (link) and β-actin (ACTB) was used for RNA quantification since the expression of β-actin RNA/protein was considered constant and was not affected by temperature in CHO cells50 (link).
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4

Quantitative Real-Time PCR Analysis

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Total RNA was extracted using Trizol reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Genomic DNA was removed using TURBO DNA-free DNase Treatment and Removal Reagents (Thermo Fisher Scientific). SuperScript III Reverse Transcriptase (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used to do reverse transcription. TB Green Premix Ex Taq (Tli RNaseH Plus) (TaKaRa, Kyoto, Japan) was used for intercalator-based real-time PCR with CFX96 Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad). Relative quantification of target gene expression was performed using the 2−ΔΔCt method. Target gene expression was normalized to the housekeeping gene, and the relative gene expression of the target gene in different groups was normalized to that of the control group. Primers for qPCR were designed using Primer-Blast software by NCBI. Sequences of primers are shown in Additional file 1.
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