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Api id32

Manufactured by bioMérieux
Sourced in Italy, France, Germany

The API®/ID32 is a microbial identification system used in clinical laboratories. It is designed to identify a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria and yeasts, through biochemical testing. The system provides a standardized and automated approach to microbial identification, allowing for accurate and reliable results.

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6 protocols using api id32

1

Fungal Identification: Phenotypic and Molecular

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Before initiating the procedure, the collection area was properly cleaned followed by antisepsis with 70% ethanol. Samples were collected during the dry and rainy seasons at intervals of 7 to 10 days. Posteriorly, the samples were transported to the Research Laboratory of the University Center UNINOVAFAPI – Piauí and to the Mycology Nucleus of the Adolfo Lutz Institute - São Paulo, for phenotypic identification and biochemical tests, respectively. The phenotypic identification was carried out according to to the identification keys described by (4 –6 ). For the biochemical test was used the commercial system API®/ID32 (bioMérieux, Fr), following the manufacturer’s instructions.
The analysis per MALDI-TOF MS (VITEK MS, bio Mérieux, France) was carried out at the Mycology Nucleus of the Adolfo Lutz Institute - São Paulo, using a Microflex LT Mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonik GmbH) (7 (link)). When there was a discrepancy between the results obtained by MALDI-TOF MS and by conventional identification, PCR was used with specific primers with starting sequences indicated in literature (8 ).
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2

Biofilm Formation of Clinically Relevant Bacteria

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In these experiments, P. aeruginosa PAO1 (ATCC® BAA-47™) and S. aureus (ATCC® 25923) were used as reference strains. In addition, saliva from 3 volunteers without active caries or periodontal disease was used to isolate salivary bacteria. In particular, Streptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis were identified by biochemical assays (API®/ID32, bioMérieux, Grassina, Italy) and grown at 37°C in non-selective nutrient broth (NB; Oxoid, Basingstoke, Hants, UK). The biofilm was developed, as previously described, on sterile (gamma-irradiated) specimens in a 96-well polystyrene plate with some modifications [32 (link)]. Briefly, an overnight culture of each bacterial strain or inoculum was diluted with tryptic soy broth (TSB; BD Bioscience, Milan, Italy) to an OD600 nm of 0.2, and then incubated statically at 37°C in a humid atmosphere for 48–72 hours until a mature biofilm was obtained.
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3

Identification of Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts

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After sub-isolation onto specific media such as malt extract agar (Liofilchem, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy) and Czapek yeast extract agar (Liofilchem, Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy) genus and species of the filamentous fungi isolates were identified based on their macroscopic and microscopic morphological features. In accordance with the methods described by de Hoog [53 ], the macroscopic examination was based on visual observation of morphological characteristics and color of aerial mycelium, while the microscopic analysis was performed by preparation of lactophenol cotton blue-stained slides. The slides were prepared with tape that adhered to aerial mycelium and placed on the lactophenol cotton blue-stained slides. Yeasts were identified by a semi-automated sugar assimilation system API ID32 (Biomérieux Italia S.p.A., Bagno a Ripoli, Italy).
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4

Yeast Identification Using Multimodal Methods

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Yeasts included in this study were identified by using three unbiased methods: biochemical (API®/ID32, Biomerieux, Marcy l’Etoile, France), MALDI TOF/MS (Jagiellonian Center of Innovation, Kraków, Poland), and rDNA sequence-based identification.
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5

Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of Pathogen MCI001

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Standard methods were followed for the physiological and biochemical tests (32 , 33 ). Classification and identification of the strain was resolved based on Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria (34 (link)). Vitamin biosynthesis was analyzed using microbiological assay methods (35 (link)). For phenotypic characterization of MCI001, commercially available API kits were used [API 50 CH, API 20E, API ID 32 and API ZYM; bioMe´rieux, Germany]. In all experiments, type strain P. histicola DSM 19854 and P. melaninogenica ATCC 25845 were used as controls. Colony morphology was observed by culturing microbes on tryptic soy agar [TSA] and tryptic soy blood agar plates. For broth culture, tryptic soy broth [TSB] was used. The culture conditions were kept at 37°C for 24 – 96 hours, with pH of 7.2 ± 0.2. Susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was tested using commercially prepared antimicrobial discs [BD Life Sciences, USA]. For electron microscopy, bacteria cultured for 36 hrs. in TSB were collected through centrifugation followed by washing with PBS and suspended in Trump’s fixative for slide preparation. Transmission Electron Microscopy [TEM] was done using a Philips CEM 300 electron microscope at Electron Microscopy Facility at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA.
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6

Salmonella Serotyping and Resistance Profiling

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Serotyping according to White-Kauffmann-Le Minor scheme [8] was performed to verify Salmonella serovar. Biochemical properties of isolates were evaluated by API ID32 ® , performed and coded according to manufacturer's instruction (bioMérieux Polska, Warsaw, Poland).
MIC testing and identification of selected resistance mechanisms. Microbiological resistance was assessed by the microbroth dilution method. Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 14 antimicrobials (Fig. 1) were interpreted according to the epidemiological cut-off values (http://www.eucast.org). Etests® (ESBL and AmpC; AB bioMerieux, Solna, Sweden) were performed for phenotypic confirmation of cephalosporin resistance and differentiation between extended spectrum betalactamase and AmpC cephalosporinase production. Resistance mechanism was identified with bla CMY-2 PCR amplification [9] . Isolate showing wild-type nalidixic acid MIC and microbiological resistance to ciprofloxacin was tested with PCR for qnrS amplicon [10] , and further sequenced for resistance mechanism identification (Oligo, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland). Both PCR assays were performed with Maxima ® Hot Start PCR Master Mix according to manufacturer's recommendation (Fermentas Life Sciences, Thermo Scientific, Lithuania).
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