Carbon fiber microelectrodes were manufactured by aspirating 7 μm diameter carbon-fibers (Goodfellow Inc, Coraopolis, PA) into glass capillaries (0.6mm external diameter, 0.4mm internal diameter, A-M Systems Inc., Sequim, WA). Fibers were sealed into the capillaries with a vertical pipette puller (Narishige Group, Tokyo, Japan). The exposed fiber was trimmed to approximately 150 μm under a low-light power microscope for evaluation of serotonin and histamine and to 50 μm for evaluation of dopamine. Nafion was electrodeposited onto the exposed carbon fiber portion of serotonin and histamine electrodes as previously described and then dried at 70° C for 10 minutes (Hashemi et al. 2009 (link)).
Glass capillaries
Manufactured by A-M Systems
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Glass capillaries are hollow, cylindrical tubes made of glass. They are used for the transfer, measurement, and manipulation of small volumes of liquids.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
10 protocols using glass capillaries
1
Carbon Fiber Electrodes for Neurotransmitter Measurement
2
Fabrication of Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes
3
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Fabrication and Calibration
4
Voltammetric Analysis of Serotonin
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Voltammetric analysis of serotonin was performed as described previously (Hashemi et al., 2009 (link); Wood and Hashemi, 2013 (link); Wood et al., 2014 (link)). Briefly, CFMs were constructed by aspirating 7 μm carbon fibers (Goodfellow Corporation, Coraopolis, PA, United States) into glass capillaries (0.4 mm internal diameter, 0.6 mm outer diameter, AM Systems, Carlsborg, WA, United States). A vertical pipette puller (Narishige Group, Tokyo, Japan) was employed to create a carbon-glass seal. Subsequently, the exposed carbon fiber was cut to 150 μm and silver paint was used to forge an electrical connection to a connection pin. Finally, electrodes were electrodeposited with NafionTM as described previously (Hashemi et al., 2009 (link)).
5
Fabrication of Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes
6
Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes Fabrication
7
Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Fabrication
8
Carbon-Fiber Microelectrode Fabrication and Calibration
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Carbon‐fiber cylinder microelectrodes were prepared as previously described (Huffman and Venton 2009 ). T‐650 carbon‐fibers (7 μm diameter, Cytec Engineering Materials, West Patterson, NJ) were pulled in glass capillaries (A‐M Systems Inc., Seqium, WA) and cylinders were cut between 75–125 μm in length. Cyclic voltammetry data were collected with TarHeel CV software and High‐Definition Cyclic‐Voltammetry (gift from Mark Wightman, UNC) using a Dagan ChemClamp (Dagan Corporation, Minneapolis, MN). Electrodes were scanned from −0.40 to 1.45 V and back at 400 V/sec at 10 Hz against a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. Electrodes were postcalibrated with 1.0 μmol/L adenosine after each experiment.
9
Fabrication of Carbon Fiber Microelectrodes
10
Fabrication of Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes
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Carbon-fiber cylindrical microelectrodes
were fabricated as previously described.28 (link),80 (link) Briefly, individual 7 μm carbon fibers, purchased from Goodfellow
Cambridge Ltd. (Huntingdon, England), were loaded into glass capillaries
(4 in, 1.2 mm OD; A-M Systems, Inc. Carlsborg, WA) and pulled using
a heated coil puller (Narishige International USA, East Meadow, NY).
Carbon-fiber tips were then cut with a scalpel 25 μm from the
end of the glass seal. Electrodes were sealed by dipping into a well-mixed
epoxy mixture of 0.24 g of EPI-CURE 3234 Curing Agent (lot FCXC4114/0886GG)
and 2.00 g of EPON Resin 815C (lot HADN0003/1307GG). Excess resin
was removed by dipping several times in toluene, and electrodes were
then baked for 1 h at 100 °C. The electrodes were backfilled
with 0.5 M potassium acetate to establish electrical connections between
the carbon-fibers and the inserted silver wires. For 5-HT detection,
electrodes were coated with Nafion (Nafion perfluorinated ion-exchange
resin, 5 wt % solution in a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols and
water, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) via electrodeposition using an
adaptation of previously described methods.81 (link),82 (link) Electrodes were dipped in Nafion, and a potential of 1.0 V was applied
for 30 s. Nafion-coated electrodes were then cured at 70 °C for
10 min and stored for no longer than 1 week prior to use.
were fabricated as previously described.28 (link),80 (link) Briefly, individual 7 μm carbon fibers, purchased from Goodfellow
Cambridge Ltd. (Huntingdon, England), were loaded into glass capillaries
(4 in, 1.2 mm OD; A-M Systems, Inc. Carlsborg, WA) and pulled using
a heated coil puller (Narishige International USA, East Meadow, NY).
Carbon-fiber tips were then cut with a scalpel 25 μm from the
end of the glass seal. Electrodes were sealed by dipping into a well-mixed
epoxy mixture of 0.24 g of EPI-CURE 3234 Curing Agent (lot FCXC4114/0886GG)
and 2.00 g of EPON Resin 815C (lot HADN0003/1307GG). Excess resin
was removed by dipping several times in toluene, and electrodes were
then baked for 1 h at 100 °C. The electrodes were backfilled
with 0.5 M potassium acetate to establish electrical connections between
the carbon-fibers and the inserted silver wires. For 5-HT detection,
electrodes were coated with Nafion (Nafion perfluorinated ion-exchange
resin, 5 wt % solution in a mixture of lower aliphatic alcohols and
water, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) via electrodeposition using an
adaptation of previously described methods.81 (link),82 (link) Electrodes were dipped in Nafion, and a potential of 1.0 V was applied
for 30 s. Nafion-coated electrodes were then cured at 70 °C for
10 min and stored for no longer than 1 week prior to use.
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