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Nootkatone

Manufactured by Merck Group
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Sourced in United States

Nootkatone is a naturally occurring cyclic ketone compound that can be derived from citrus fruits or the bark of the Alaskan yellow cedar tree. It has a complex molecular structure and serves as a core ingredient in various industrial applications due to its unique properties.

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Lab products found in correlation

Cholesterol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Cortisone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Costunolide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Mecamylamine hydrochloride, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Oleanic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Genistein, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Progesterone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ach chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ursolic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Pnu 120596, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Resveratrol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Phosphotungstic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Isoprenaline hydrochloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 2 2 dipyridyl, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Thiobarbituric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Microplate reader, by Tecan (1 mentions) Valencene, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 1 2 dipalmitoyl sn glycero 3 phosphocholine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Glutathione peroxidase gsh px, by Nanjing Jiancheng (1 mentions)

11 protocols using nootkatone

1

Nootkatone: Sigma-Aldrich's Highest Grade

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Nootkatone was brought from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). All the other chemicals used were of the highest grade available. The sources of each kit used were mentioned above.
Ali B.H., Al-Salam S., Adham S.A., Al Balushi K., Al Za'abi M., Beegam S., Yuvaraju P., Manoj P, & Nemmar A. (2019). Testicular Toxicity of Water Pipe Smoke Exposure in Mice and the Effect of Treatment with Nootkatone Thereon. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2019, 2416935.
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2

Screening Chemicals and Extracts for Cholinergic Receptor Agonists

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CR agonists included ACh chloride (catalogue no. A9101, Sigma-Aldrich), atractylon (catalogue no. FΑ74011, Carbosynth), β -oestradiol (catalogue no. 2824, Tocris), cholesterol (catalogue no. C8667, Sigma-Aldrich), cortisone (catalogue no. C2755, Sigma-Aldrich), costunolide (catalogue no. SML.0417, Sigma-Aldrich), genistein (catalogue no, G6649, Sigma-Aldrich), glyco-diosgenin (catalogue no. GDN101. Anatrace), mecamylamine hydrochloride (catalogue no. 2843, Tocris), nootkatone (catalogue no. W316620, Sigma-Aldrich), oleanic acid (catalogue no. 05504, Sigma-Aldrich), PNU-120596 (catalogue no. 2498, Tocris), polygodial (catalogue no. 14979, Cayman Chemical Company), progesterone (catalogue no. P8783, Sigma-Aldrich), resveratrol (catalogue no. RS010, Sigma-Aldrich), ursolic acid (catalogue no, U6753, Sigma-Aldrich) and zearale none (catalogue no. 3975, Tocris). Insoluble chemicals were first reconstituted in DMSO and then diluted in ND96 to 0.1–1% final DMSO. Fish extract was prepared by btending 1 g frozen zebrafish per 2 ml of holding solution, followed by centrifugation at 3,000g for 15 min to remove debris.
Johnston K, & Brown J. (1999). Two view mammography at incident screens: cost effectiveness analysis of policy options. BMJ : British Medical Journal, 319(7217), 1097-1102.
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3

Biochemical Assay for Oxidative Stress

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Isoprenaline hydrochloride (catalog number: I5627), nootkatone (purity: 98%) (catalog number: W316620), thiobarbituric acid (catalog number: T5500), phosphotungstic acid (catalog number: 79690), 1,1′,3,3′-tetra methoxy propane (108383), xylenol orange (33825), 2,4-dinitro phenylhydrazine (42215), and 2,2′-dipyridyl (D216305) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. In the present study, the other laboratory chemicals and reagents utilized were of required analytical grade.
Meeran M.F., Azimullah S., Al Ahbabi M.M., Jha N.K., Lakshmanan V.K., Goyal S.N, & Ojha S. (2020). Nootkatone, a Dietary Fragrant Bioactive Compound, Attenuates Dyslipidemia and Intramyocardial Lipid Accumulation and Favorably Alters Lipid Metabolism in a Rat Model of Myocardial Injury: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study. Molecules, 25(23), 5656.
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4

Nootkatone Cytotoxicity Assay in Cells

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Cells (2 × 104/mL) were seeded in 96-well dishes and treated with nootkatone (Sigma-Aldrich) (12.5–200 µM). Following 24 and 48 h of incubation, 100 µL of MTT (0.5 mg/mL) was added to each well, with further incubation for 2–3 h at 37 °C. Then, 150 µL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was added to dissolve the formazan crystals. The absorbance at 570 nm was determined using a microplate reader (Tecan Group, Ltd., Salzburg, Austria).
Nguyen Y.T., To N.B., Truong V.N., Kim H.Y., Ediriweera M.K., Lim Y, & Cho S.K. (2022). Impairment of Glucose Metabolism and Suppression of Stemness in MCF-7/SC Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells by Nootkatone. Pharmaceutics, 14(5), 906.
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5

Liposomal Encapsulation of Sesquiterpenes

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For the synthesis of liposomes, the lipids 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, cholesterol, and dis-tearoylphosphatidylcholine were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol was used as the solvent for the lipids. The sesquiterpenes valencene and nootkatone were also obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
Oliveira-Tintino C.D., Santana J.E., Alencar G.G., Siqueira G.M., Gonçalves S.A., Tintino S.R., de Menezes I.R., Rodrigues J.P., Gonçalves V.B., Nicolete R., Ribeiro-Filho J., da Silva T.G, & Coutinho H.D. (2023). Valencene, Nootkatone and Their Liposomal Nanoformulations as Potential Inhibitors of NorA, Tet(K), MsrA, and MepA Efflux Pumps in Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Pharmaceutics, 15(10), 2400.
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6

Neuroprotective Effects of Phytochemicals

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1-Phenyl-1,3-Butanedion and nootkatone (>99% purity) (NOT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), (E)-9-Isopropyl-6-Methyl-5 and 9-Decadiene-2-One (>98% purity) were brought from Servicebio (Hangzhou, China). PC12 cells, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were obtained from Servicebio (Hangzhou, China). The kits for determining nitric oxide (NO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering (Nanjing, China). All antibodies were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Other chemicals and materials were purchased from Servicebio (Hangzhou, China).
Kun C., Feiyi S., Jian D., Feng C., Guihua W., Jiangping Z., Jianwu J., Hong L, & Xiaowei H. (2020). Network pharmacology-based study on the mechanism of Schisandra chinensis for treating Alzheimer's disease. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 52(2), 94-101.
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7

Biochemical and Oxidative Cascade Analysis

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Melamine and nootkatone were obtained from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO, USA). The analytical kits used to assay the biochemical parameters and oxidative cascade markers were purchased from Bio-diagnostics Co., Giza, Egypt.
Habotta O.A., Abdeen A., Roomi A.B., Elgndy A.I., Sorour S.M., Morsi M.H., Kamal K.M., Ibrahim S.F., Abdelrahaman D., Fericean L., Banatean-Dunea I., Ghamry H.I., El-Nablaway M., Atawia R.T, & Abdelhady D. (2023). Nootkatone Mitigated Melamine-Evoked Hepatotoxicity by Featuring Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Interconnected Mechanisms: In Vivo and In Silico Approaches. Toxics, 11(9), 784.
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8

Essential Oils Screening for Insect Repellency

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Acetone was used as a solvent for all assays and was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). DEET (97%) and ( +)-nootkatone (≥ 99.0%, GC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Thyme (from Thymus zygis) oil, fennel (from Foeniculum vulgare) oil, lemon (from Citrus limonum) oil, black pepper (from Piper nigrum) oil and cedarwood (from Cedarus deodora) oil were obtained from Edens Garden (San Clemente, CA, USA). Lavender (from Lavandula angustifolia) oil and dill (from Anethum graveolens) oil were both obtained from Plant Therapy (Twin Falls, ID, USA). Other essentials oils tested, such as oregano, geranium, clove, amyris, patchouli, peppermint, citronella and juniper berry, were obtained from Berje, Inc. (Carteret, NJ, USA). We recognize oils can vary in purity and percent components; thus, we performed gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to verify components of each batch of oil used to ensure purity and components of the oils were standard across all treatments.
Le Mauff A., Norris E.J., Li A.Y, & Swale D.R. (2024). Repellent activity of essential oils to the Lone Star tick, Amblyomma americanum. Parasites & Vectors, 17, 202.
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9

Sesquiterpene Compound Acquisition

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Eight sesquiterpenes including β-Caryophyllene (Cat # W225207), (+)-Cedrol (Cat # W521418-1KG-K), Farnesol (Cat # F203-100G), Farnesyl acetate (Cat # 45895-10ML-F), Nerolidol (Cat # W277207-1KG-K), (+)-Nootkatone (Cat # 74437-2.5G), Parthenolide (Cat # P0667-25MG), and Picrotoxin (Cat # P1675-5G), as shown in Figure 2, were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, UK.
Hussain A., Rizwan-ul-haq M., AlJabr A.M, & Al-Ayedh H. (2019). Lethality of Sesquiterpenes Reprogramming Red Palm Weevil Detoxification Mechanism for Natural Novel Biopesticide Development. Molecules, 24(9), 1648.
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10

Phytochemical Compounds for Metabolomic Analysis

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The following plant metabolites used in our study were ordered: (−)-caryophyllene oxide, (+)-nootkatone, zerumbone, β-amyrin, crocetin dialdehyde, saffron stigma (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), α amyrin (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) and taraxasterol acetate (Biorbyt, Cambridge, UK) (Figure 1). All compounds were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in order to be used in the assays. Saffron threads were incubated in DMSO for 1 h on a rotary shaker (100 rpm); then, the supernatant was collected and used in the work. A C7-C30 saturated alkanes standard solution was also obtained from Sigma-Aldrich to calculate the GC retention indices of the sesquiterpenes formed by A. thaliana. The liquid standards used were β-elemene, ordered from Abcam plc (Cambridge, UK) and (−)-trans-caryophyllene (sum of enantiomers, purity: ≥98.0%) and (−)-α-cedrene (sum of enantiomers, purity: 96.4%) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Habash S.S., Könen P.P., Loeschcke A., Wüst M., Jaeger K.E., Drepper T., Grundler F.M, & Schleker A.S. (2020). The Plant Sesquiterpene Nootkatone Efficiently Reduces Heterodera schachtii Parasitism by Activating Plant Defense. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(24), 9627.
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