Vue pacs

The images in Fig. 1A,B were captured from a recently killed fish from Group 2 in a ventral projection. For Fig. 1C, the cloacal region in a fish from Group 3 was cut mediosaggitally, fixed in formalin and photographed laterally. All images were captured using a Nikon D70s Digital single‐lens reflex camera mounted with a Nikon AF Micro‐Nikkor 60 mm f/2.8D objective (Nikon Corporation, Minato, Tokyo, Japan) and an LED Ring flash. To probe the size of the bursa and its exact topography relative to adjacent structures, one recently killed adult male salmon from Group 3 was subjected to computed tomography (CT) scanning in a dorsal position with Omnipaque 300 mg/mL (GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway) injected into its bursal lumen for contrast. This was done using a four‐detector row CT scanner (BrightSpeed, GE Healthcare, Oslo, Norway), with a slice thickness of 1.25 and a 0.625‐mm overlap and using helical acquisition in bone and soft tissue algorithms. An OsiriX DICOM Viewer (Pixmeo SARL, Bernex, Switzerland) was used for post‐processing and capture of Fig. 1D and Video S1, while CARESTREAM Vue PACS (Carestream Health, Rochester, NY, USA) was used for Fig. 1E,F and Video S2.

All patients were scanned with a 64-slice CT scanner (120 kV, 200 mA, and 5-mm slice thickness). We also calculated the length from the PUJ to the VUJ (P-V) using CT and the Pythagorean theorem and compared this method with the above-described method to determine which more effectively predicts the appropriate ureteral stent length. The CT index was calculated using Carestream Vue PACS (Carestream Health, Rochester, NY, USA), and all CT images were reviewed by a single urologist (M.T.) with 5 years of experience as an urologist. First, in the CT slice showing the PUJ, we marked the point of the PUJ (Figures 2C and D, star). Next, in the CT slice showing the VUJ, we marked the corresponding point for the PUJ slice (Figures 2E and F, star) and measured the distance from the VUJ (Figures 2E and F, square) to the marked point (Figures 2E and F, star) in the CT slice showing the VUJ. We defined this length as the short side of a right-angled triangle (Figures 2E and F; from star to square). We then defined the length of the long side of a right-angled triangle, calculated by the total number of slices between the slice showing the PUJ (Figure-2G, star) and the VUJ (Figure-2G, square). All slices were 5 mm thick (Figure-2G). Finally, we calculated the length of P-V using the Pythagorean theorem ([P - V]2 = [short side] 2 + [long side] 2).

Extracted teeth were placed in a 50 mm Falcon tube along with sufficient storage medium to cover the teeth, and secured using cotton wool prior to being scanned in a high-resolution 3D X-ray microscope (ZEISS Xradia Versa 520, Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Thornwood, NY) using a slice thickness of 24 μm. Image data was imported in DICOM format into dedicated radiology imaging software (Carestream Vue PACS, Carestream Health, Rochester, NY) for viewing on a dedicated image viewing workstation by a board-certified veterinary radiologist (IP), and a dentistry and oral surgery resident in training (KKN) using a center of 27,000 arbitrary brightness units with a range of 45,000 arbitrary brightness units. Multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) in the transverse, sagittal and dorsal planes were utilized as needed. Conclusions were established by consensus. Additional enamel fissures that were detected on micro-CT were confirmed grossly by application of plaque-disclosing solution (Reveal, Henry Schein, Melville, NY).

Recommendations for lung nodule follow-up were provided to clinicians according to the 2005 Fleischner Society guidelines [2 ]. We assessed the potential change to the management of lung nodules if the 2015 BTS guidelines [3 (link)] and the 2017 Fleischner Society guidelines had been applied [4 (link)]. The lungs were assessed on wide field of view images reconstructed using a standard lung reconstruction algorithm. Lung nodule diameter was measured as the maximum diameter in any transverse projection, rounded to the nearest millimetre. Lung nodule volume was determined using Carestream Vue PACS (version 11; Carestream Health, Rochester, NY).

Each vertebral bone lesion was reviewed on prebiopsy planning CT by a musculoskeletal radiologist (T.C.K.) using a dedicated workstation (Carestream Vue PACS, version 11.4.1.1102, Carestream Health, Rochester, NY, USA). This reader knew the location of each biopsied vertebral bone lesion, but was blinded to all other clinical, imaging, pathological, and follow-up findings. Reconstructed 2.0-mm axial, coronal, and sagittal CT images were reviewed in bone window (level, 700 HU; width, 3000 HU) and soft tissue (level, 40 HU; width, 500 HU) settings. The location of each lesion was first assessed for the presence of any CT abnormality. If this was the case, the lesion was then assessed for the presence or absence of lysis, sclerosis, cortical destruction, bone marrow replacement, associated extraosseous soft tissue mass, and accompanying vertebral height loss.

All images were evaluated by one or more of three board certified veterinary radiologists (CO, DF, KA) using Carestream Vue PACS (Carestream Health, Rochester, NY) and by a Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology board-certified medical radiologist (JF) using Siemens Syngo Via MI Oncology Version 3.0 (VB1) workstation software. All scans were inspected for any areas of increased metabolic activity. Abnormalities, if present, were measured on post-contrast CT scans in the sagittal, transverse, and dorsal planes.
¹⁸FDG uptake was evaluated subjectively, and a representative region of interest (ROI) was drawn with freehand technique over the maximum size of each lesion on pre- and post-contrast images and mean attenuation was calculated in Hounsfield Units (HU). Maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) and peak SUV (SUV_peak), defined as the average SUV within a small, fixed-size region of interest (ROI_peak) centered on a high-uptake portion of suspected tumor lesions as well as other abnormalities were calculated [28 ]. SUV_max and SUV_peak of the liver were also calculated for each dog and used as background reference. Contrast enhancement of each lesion was graded as homogeneous, heterogeneous, or ring. Findings from the diagnostic CT portion of the studies were compared to those from the fused PET-CT images.