Metyrapone

Manufactured by Bio-Techne

Sourced in United States

Metyrapone is a laboratory instrument used for the measurement and analysis of adrenal function. It is a selective inhibitor of the enzyme 11β-hydroxylase, which is responsible for the final step in the biosynthesis of cortisol. Metyrapone is commonly utilized in research and clinical settings to evaluate adrenal cortical function and identify potential adrenal disorders.

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Lab products found in correlation

Nicotine hydrogen tartrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Picrotoxin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) D apv, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Bicuculline, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Corticosterone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) C57bl 6j control mice, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (1 mentions) Pirenzepine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Scopolamine hydrobromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dexamethasone (dex), by Merck Group (1 mentions)

5 protocols using metyrapone

Nicotine and Metyrapone Pharmacology

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The following compounds were tested: (−) nicotine hydrogen tartrate (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/kg, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and metyrapone (50 mg/kg, Tocris Bioscience, UK). Drugs were dissolved in saline solution (0.9 % NaCl). Nicotine was administered subcutaneously (s.c.) whereas metyrapone was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a volume of 10 ml/kg. Drug doses refer to the salt form. The pH of the nicotine solution was adjusted to 7.0. Fresh drug solutions were prepared on each day of experimentation. Control groups received saline injections of the same volume and via the same route of administration.
The range of doses of drugs was chosen based on literature data [22 (link), 23 (link)], our recently published articles [21 (link), 24 (link)] and preliminary studies.

Biala G., Pekala K., Boguszewska-Czubara A., Michalak A., Kruk-Slomka M, & Budzynska B. (2016). Behavioral and Biochemical Interaction Between Nicotine and Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Mice. Molecular Neurobiology, 54(2), 904-921.

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Pharmacological Agents in Neuroscience Research

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Drugs were dissolved into aCSF daily prior to experiments from frozen aliquots stored at −20°C and added to the bath by perfusion pump. The drugs were dissolved in accordance with guidelines either in DMSO, PEG, ethanol or distilled water. DNQX, 4-AP, d APV and metyrapone were obtained from Tocris (Tocris Cookson, Ellisville, MO). Picrotoxin, bicuculline, TEA and corticosterone were obtained from Sigma (Sigma‐ Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). TTX was obtained from Alomone labs (Jerusalem BioPark (JBP), Hadassah Ein Kerem, P.O.Box 4287 Jerusalem 9104201, Israel).

Senst L., Baimoukhametova D., Sterley T.L, & Bains J.S. (2016). Sexually dimorphic neuronal responses to social isolation. eLife, 5, e18726.

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Modulating Corticosterone Levels in Diabetic Mice

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Male db/db homozygous mice on the C57Bl6/J background and wildtype C57Bl6/J control mice were obtained from Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, Maine, USA) at five weeks of age. Mice were routinely housed four per cage, with the exception that mice used for assessment of food intake and glucose and insulin metabolism were singly housed. After one week of acclimation to the animal facility, mice were injected with metyrapone (Tocris Bioscience; 100mg/kg, IP) every day between 8 and 10AM (lights-on at 7AM) to lower and normalize corticosterone levels. This dose was selected on the basis of previous studies using metyrapone to lower corticosterone levels in db/db mice (Takeshita et al., 2000 (link)). After fourteen days of treatment with metyrapone or vehicle, (n=8) mice from each genotype and drug condition were prepared for various endpoints as shown in Figure 1A.

Dey A., Hao S., Erion J.R., Wosiski-Kuhn M, & Stranahan A.M. (2014). Glucocorticoid sensitization of microglia in a genetic mouse model of obesity and diabetes. Journal of neuroimmunology, 269(0), 20-27.

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G-CSF-Induced HSC Mobilization: Circadian and Neuroendocrine Modulation

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G-CSF was administered subcutaneously (s.c.) at a dose of 125 ug/kg twice a day beginning in the evening of the first day. Blood was harvested 1 hour after the final morning dose of G-CSF at the circadian time that is most optimized for HSC mobilization, zeitgeiber time 5, 5 hours after light onset for analysis. Scopolamine hydrobromide (1 mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich) was administered by subcutaneous pump. Pirenzepine (Sigma-Aldrich) was given at 6mg/kg i.p. 30 min prior to G-CSF peripherally and 0.6 mg/kg/day i.c.v. delivered by ALZET osmotic pump centrally. Metyrapone (100 mg/kg/day; Tocris Bioscience) was given i.p. 30 min prior to evening G-CSF. ACTH (2.8 mg/kg/day; Pheonix) and LH (16 ug/day; National hormone and peptide program) were administered via osmotic pumps. MSG (2mg/g; Sigma-Aldrich) was administered neonatally beginning one day postnatally for 5 days every other day by subcutaneous injection (Caputo et al., 1996 ). Dexamethasone (5mg/kg; Sigma-Aldrich, water soluble) was given s.c. at ZT5 prior to beginning G-CSF treatment. Poly (I:C; 250ug/animal; Invivogen) was administered i.p. for 5 days, every other day. Animals rested for 10 days before experiments.

Pierce H., Zhang D., Magnon C., Lucas D., Christin J., Huggins M., Schwartz G.J, & Frenette P.S. (2017). Cholinergic signals from the CNS regulate G-CSF-mediated HSC mobilization from bone marrow via a glucocorticoid signaling relay. Cell stem cell, 20(5), 648-658.e4.

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Corticosterone and Neuronal Function

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For experiments involving corticosterone treatment, corticosterone stock prepared in DMSO was diluted to 100 nM and applied to brain slices in the solution used for recovery from vibratome slicing, for 20 min at 30 ± 2 °C, with constant aeration with 95% O₂/5% CO₂. Slices were then washed with corticosterone-free solution, and then incubated in slice recovery solution. Voltage-clamp recordings were obtained between 2–3 h following corticosterone treatment. Controls were likewise treated, but with vehicle (0.01% v/v DMSO). Metyrapone was obtained from Tocris Bioscience #3292/50 and reconstituted to 23 mg/ml with DMSO and administrated intraperitoneally at a final doze of 50 mg/kg. TNF dominant-negative inhibitor XPro1595 (DN-TNF; Xencor, Inc.) was diluted in sterile 0.9% w/v NaCl to 2 mg/mL (intraperitoneal injection) or 5 mg/ml (direct injection into the hippocampi) and administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Controls were administered equivalent volumes of DMSO or sterile saline 0.9% w/v NaCl, respectively.

Kemp G.M., Altimimi H.F., Nho Y., Heir R., Klyczek A, & Stellwagen D. (2022). Sustained TNF signaling is required for the synaptic and anxiety-like behavioral response to acute stress. Molecular Psychiatry, 27(11), 4474-4484.

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