Total protein quantitative test kit

The VR was characterized using the analytical procedures of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory [58 ]. The soluble protein was detected using Total protein quantitative test kit produced by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. The detection was carried out following the kit Manual. The concentrations of sugars, organic acids, ABE solvents and potential inhibitors were determined by HPLC (Aglient1200, USA). The detector was based on the refractive index measurement (Waters 2414 Refractive Index Detector). An Aminex HPX-87H (300 mm × 7.8 mm, Bio-rad, Hercules, CA) column was used, enabling the quantification of glucose, xylose, arabinose, cellobiose, acetic acid, lactic acid, butyric acid, furfural, HMF, ethanol, acetone and butanol. Operational conditions were 0.5 mM H₂SO₄ as the mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min and 30 °C (solvents) and 65 °C (sugars, furfural and HMF). Samples were previously centrifuged at 12,000 rpm over 2 min and filtered through 0.22-µm nylon filters. Hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural were detected using the method of Liu [59 (link)].

Amomum tsao-ko (Hebei yishengshan traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd.); GM sulfate injection; verapamil (abbvie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Düsseldorf, Germany); creatinine (Cr), urea nitrogen (BUN), a urine protein test kit, lysozyme (LZM), β-b-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total protein quantitative test kit (BCA) were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China); rat IL-6, rat IL-1β, and a rat TNF-α ELISA kit were purchased from Lianke Biology Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China; P-SAPK/JNK antibody, p38/P-p38, NF-κB p65 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology; ERK1/2 antibody, P-ERK1 + ERK2, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, Goat anti-rabbit antibody, and Goat anti-mouse antibody were purchased from Wuhan bode Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China; and GADPH TA-08 and β-Actin TA-09 were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Jinqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.

NKA-9 macroporous adsorption resin was purchased from Solarbio Co. (Beijing, China); agar powder, peptone, and tryptone were purchased from Beijing Auboxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China); reactive oxygen species (ROS) kit, SOD kit (batch no. 20220307), CAT visible light kit (batch no. 20220330), and total protein quantitative test kit (batch no. 20220416) were purchased from Nanjing JianCheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China).