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27 protocols using necrosulfonamide

1

Culturing A549 and Small Airway Cells

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A549 cells (American Type Culture Collection, #CCL-185) were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cells were passaged <20 times. Small airway epithelial cells (American Type Culture Collection, #PCS-301-010) were cultured in small airway epithelial growth media (Lonza #CC-3118) and passaged < 7 times. For studies using cell death inhibitors, deferoxamine mesylate (Selleckchem #S5742), necrosulfonamide (Selleckchem #S8251), and Z-VAD-FMK (Selleckchem #S7023) were dissolved in DMSO, and cells were treated at indicated concentrations
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2

Ferroptosis and Necroptosis Inhibition

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Vemurafenib (cat No. S1267), sorafenib (cat No. S1040), ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) (cat no. S7243), caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (cat No. S7023) and MLKL inhibitor Necrosulfonamide (cat No. S8251) were purchased from Selleck (Shanghai, China).
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3

Caco-2 Cell Viability Assay

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Caco-2 cells seeded on a 96-well plate were stimulated by inhibitors added as follows. After treatment Monmouthfor 48 h, the MTT experiment was carried out to determine the cell viability. The working concentrations of Vitamin E, Z-VAD-FMK, 3-Methyladenine, VX-765, GSK-872 (MedChemExpress, Monmouth, NJ, USA), Necrosulfonamide and Nec-1s (Selleck, Houston Texas USA) were 30, 10, 10, 5, 10, 0.5, and 10 μM, respectively. The inhibitors were dissolved in DMEM (1% BSA + 0.1% DMSO) and combined with the CLNAs at their IC50.
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4

Dissecting Cell Death Pathways

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Sorafenib (Bay 43-9006, Sigma-Aldrich), 17-AAG (Tanespimycin, MCE, HSP90α inhibitor), Z-VAD-FMK (Selleck, Caspase Inhibitor), Necrostatin-1 (Selleck, RIPK1 inhibitor), Necrosulfonamide (Selleck, MLKL inhibitor).
MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenytetrazoliumbromide) was obtained from Fluka Chemical Corp (Ronkonkoma, NY, USA) and was dissolved in 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Antibodies against RIPK1(A7414), RIPK3(A5431), MLKL(A5579), HIF-1α(A16873) were purchased from Abclonal Technology (Wuhan, China). Antibodies against, HSP90α(BS6461), were products of Bioworld Technology (USA). Antibodies against AFP (4448) and LAMP2 (49067) were products of Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies against Lamin A (sc-293162), β-Tubulin (sc-166729) and β-Actin (sc-8432) were products of Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA). Normal mouse and rabbit IgG-HRB secondary antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.
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5

Comprehensive Ferroptosis and Necroptosis Assay

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Erastin (S7242), RSL3 (S8155), liproxstatin-1 (S7699), Z-VAD-FMK (S7023), FIN56 (S8254), necrosulfonamide (S8251), CCT137690 (S2744), oxaliplatin (S1224), BMS-345541 (S8044), carboplatin (S1215), etoposide (S1225), vincristine (S9555), deferoxamine (S5685), chloroquine (S6999), and 4OI (S5929) were purchased from Selleck Chemicals. The antibodies to SQSTM1 (5114), ATG5 (2630), MLKL (14993), NCOA4 (66849), FTH1 (3998), ATG7 (2631), SLC7A11 (12691), and ACTB (3700) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. The antibodies to MAP1LC3B (NB100-2220), RIPK1 (NBP1-77077), and RIPK3 (NBP1-77299) were purchased from NOVUS. The antibody to GPX4 (ab125066) was purchased from Abcam.
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6

Daurisoline, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis Pathway

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Daurisoline (DAS) was purchased from MCE (MedChemExpress, Shanghai, China). DAS was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and stored at −80°C for the in vitro study. For the in vivo study, DAS was firstly dissolved in 50% PEG300 and then in 50% saline (MCE, Shanghai, China). Z-VAD-FMK (Z-VAD) was purchased from MCE. Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), necrosulfonamide (NSA), and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) were purchased from Selleck (Selleck, Shanghai, China). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was purchased from MCE.
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7

Cytotoxicity Assay with Diverse Reagents

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Tolinapant was obtained from Astex Pharmaceuticals (Cambridge, UK). Entinostat, necrosulfonamide and emricasan (IDN-6556) were supplied by Selleckchem (Houston,TX). Z-VAD-fmk was purchased from Calbiochem (Gibbstown, NJ). TNFα was supplied by Prospec (Rehovot, Israel). 5FU and oxaliplatin were obtained from Belfast City Hospital Pharmacy.
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8

Ferroptosis Inducers and Inhibitors Protocol

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Liproxstatin-1, Z-VAD-FMK, necrostatin-1, erastin, (1S,3R)-RSL3 (RSL3), ferroptosis inducer (FIN56), 20S proteasome inhibitor, cycloheximide, deferoxamine, eugenol, and necrosulfonamide were obtained from Selleck Chemicals. Rotenone, diethyl butylmalonate, antimycin, and NaN3 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Anti-DACH1 antibody, anti-p53 antibody, anti-p53 (phospho S392) antibody, anti-SLC25A37 antibody, anti-Hsp90 antibody, anti-Voltage dependent anion channel protein antibody, anti-lamin B antibody, and anti-beta actin antibody were obtained from Abcam Technology. Anti-mouse IgG and anti-rabbit IgG were bought from Cell Signaling Technology.
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9

Antibody and Inhibitor Sources for Cell Signaling

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The antibodies to MAP1LC3B (#3868), actin (#3700), c-CASP8 (#8592 and #9496), C-CASP9 (#9505 and #9509), BAD (#9268), BBC3 (#4976), BAX (#2772), BCL2L1 (#2764), BCL2 (#2872), C-CASP3 (#9664), JNK (#9252), p-JNK (#9255), ERK (#4695), p-ERK (#4370), p38 (#8690), p-p38 (#4511), JUN (#9165), and p-JUN (#3270) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Monoclonal anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody (clone 2G7) was a gift from Dr. Kevin Tracey. Monoclonal anti-TFAM neutralizing antibody (clone F-6; #sc-166965) was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, Texas, USA). Monoclonal anti-AGER neutralizing antibody (clone 697023; #MAB11795) was obtained from R&D System (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Spautin-1 (#S7888), 3-methyladenine (#S2767), LY294002 (#S1105), chloroquine (#S4157), bafilomycin A1 (#S1413), oxaliplatin (#S1224), Z-VAD-FMK (#S7023), necrostatin-1 (#S8037), necrosulfonamide (#S8251), ferrostatin-1 (#S7234), liproxstatin-1 (#S7699), SP600125 (#S1460), SB203580 (#S1076), SB239063 (#S7741), SCH772984 (#S7101), and LY3214996 (#S8534) were obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). 5-fluorouracil (#F6627), TRAIL (#T5694), Mito-TEMPO (#SML0737), and CC-401 (#SML1613) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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10

Investigating TNFα-Mediated Cell Death

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Human recombinant TNFα (R&D Systems, Cat#210-TA-005); Recombinant mouse mTNFα (Cell sciences, Cat# CRT192C); Cycloheximide (Sigma, Cat# C-6255); SM-164 (Selleckchem, custom-synthesized); Birinapant (Selleck Chemicals, Cat# S7015); zVAD (Selleck Chemicals, Cat# S8102); Nec-1s (7-Cl-O-Nec-1) (Selleck Chemicals, Cat# S8641); GSK-872 (Sigma, Cat# 5303890001); Necrosulfonamide (Sigma, 480073); LPS (Sigma, Cat# L4391); IDN-6556 (Selleck Chemicals, Cat# S7775); Poly(I:C) (InvivoGen, Cat# tlrl-pic-5); 5Z-7-Oxozeaenol (Sigma, Cat# O9890); 5-fluorouracil (Selleck Chemicals, Cat# S1209); Necrosulfonamide (Selleck Chemicals, Cat# S825); and ELISA Kit for Human TNFα (BioLegend, Cat# 430206).
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