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Thermogravimetric analyzer

Manufactured by Netzsch
Sourced in Germany

The Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) is a laboratory instrument that measures the change in the weight of a sample as a function of temperature or time. It provides information about physical phenomena, such as phase transitions, absorption, adsorption, and decomposition, which involve mass loss or gain.

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8 protocols using thermogravimetric analyzer

1

Thermogravimetric Analysis of Samples

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The thermal degradation temperatures of the samples were evaluated using a thermogravimetric analyzer (Netzsch, Bavaria, Germany). In accordance with the method of Motonari [28 (link)], with minor modification, the experiment proceeded in a nitrogen atmosphere at a purge rate of 20 mL/min. Thermograms of samples were obtained between 30 °C and 750 °C, at a heating rate of 20 °C/min.
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2

Thermal Stability Assessment by TGA

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The thermal stability of the specimen was assessed by the thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) technology. A thermo-gravimetric analyzer (NETZSCH-Gerätebau GmbH, Selb, Germany) was employed to carry out the examination using nitrogen as the purge and protective gas, whose flow rate was 20 mL/min. The sample mass was from 6 to 8 mg; the heating rate was 20 °C/min, and the temperature range was from 20 °C to 600 °C. The initial thermal decomposition temperature (Ti) and the maximum degradation temperature(Tp) at which the sample lost its weight the most, corresponding to the peak temperature in the first-order derivative weight curve, and the percentage char (w%) were observed.
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3

Thermal Gravimetric Analysis of Dried Samples

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Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was tested by thermogravimetric analyzer (Netzsch, Selb, Germany). The dried samples were placed in crucible with the temperature from 25 to 600 °C under nitrogen atmosphere and the heating rate of 10 °C/min.
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4

Thermal Analysis of GFPF

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The thermal properties of GFPF were evaluated by Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (*STA 409C, NETZSCH, Germany). The samples (5–10 mg) were placed in alumina crucibles and flowed through nitrogen gas at a rate of 20 ml/min. The temperature increased from 25 to 600°C with heating rate 10°C/min. An empty alumina crucible was used as reference.
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5

Thermogravimetric Analysis of Hydrated Samples

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The weight change with increasing temperature was conducted by thermogravimetric analysis. The samples were introduced to hydration furnace in in wet N2 atmosphere. N2 gas was passed through water to make it wet which gives about 3–5% H2O to flow with N2 gas. The hydration steps were at 800, 600, 400, 200 and 150 °C with residence time of 2, 2, 48, 2 and 55 h, respectively. The samples were heated at 200°C/h until 800 °C and cooled at 10 °C/h to 150 °C. The hydrated samples were investigated by a NETZSCH thermogravimetric analyzer. Nitrogen flowed constantly in the TGA at 20 mL/min. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were recorded by PerkinElmer Spectrometer for diffuse infrared spectroscopy in air at room temperature. Powder samples were subtracted with a run with optically transparent KBr, as a reference.
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6

Comprehensive Characterization of Material Samples

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Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was conducted using a Hitachi U-3010 36 dual-beam UV-Vis spectrometer equipped with an integrating sphere for sample composition analysis. A German NETZSCH thermogravimetric analyzer was employed to analyze the organic matter, such as pyrazole and carbon deposits, in the sample. The IR experiment was carried out on a Vertex 33-IR infrared spectrometer produced by Bruker, Germany. The Py-IR experiment was performed on a Bruker Tensor-27 FT-IR spectrometer with a resolution of 4 cm−1. A nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm was obtained at-196 °C using a Micromeritics ASAP2020 instrument. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) model was used to estimate the surface area of the sample. The pore volume of the sample was calculated by the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) method. The powder XRD pattern was recorded on a D8 ADVANCE X-ray diffractometer with Cu-Kα radiation (λ = 0.15418 nm) at 40 kV and 40 mA.
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7

Thermal Analysis of Polymer Films

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The TGA test was carried out using a thermogravimetric analyzer (Netzsch, Germany). The samples were heated from 25 to 600 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The heating rate was 10 °C/min. The TGA and derivate thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses were performed on the different films.
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8

TGA Analysis of Epoxy Nanocomposites

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The TGA test for unmodified and modified polymers was made using the Netzsch TG 209F3 apparatus (Thermogravimetric Analyzer, NETZSCH-Gerätebau GmbH, Selb, Germany). Samples were tested in the temperature range from 30–800 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min. The measurement was carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere. For obtained epoxy nanocomposites containing different NC loading, characteristic temperatures for 2, 5, 10 and 50% of weight loss were determined.
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