Jsm 6400 sem

All tests were carried out at the Criminal Police Laboratory (KPL in Turkish) shooting room. In the test shots, a 9-mm Sarsilmaz Kilinc 2000 mega brand semiautomatic pistol was used with full metal jacket cartridges that were produced by a 9 mm × 19 mm Parabellum-type MKE, Geco, S&B, WIN, and LIBRA. The sample were collected on double-sided adhesive tape glued to aluminium stubs from shooter's right hand for analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three shots were fired with each ammunition type. GSR was collected by pressing the stub 30 times to skin on the hand, including the thumb and index finger of the right hand of the shooter. The residues were collected from the shooter’s right hand and analysed with the same strict conditions. This experimental study was conducted in the department of KPL. In the tests, the weapon barrel was cleaned before each shot. The cleaning process started with mechanical cleaning. Then, the barrel was washed in an ultrasonic bath of ethanol and deionized water before being dried with dry nitrogen gas. The collected GSRs were examined using a JEOL/JSM-6400 SEM (JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Japan). The acceleration voltage was 20 kV, the tilt of the sample was 0°, and the working distance was 39 mm. Images were secondary electron images coupled with an INCA energy X-ray spectrometer (Oxford Instruments Ltd., Houston, TX, USA).

The plates that contained the highest in vitro antifungal activities were viewed under SEM to confirm the fungal inhibition. The plugs (1 × 1 cm) were harvested from the control and DCM-treated plates, respectively. The sample preparation protocol followed that described by Heckman et al. [21 ]. Each plug was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde for five hours at 4 °C. Next, the plugs were washed with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer for three changes of 10 min each. One percent of osmium tetroxide was used in the post-fixed process for two hours at 4 °C. Then, the plugs were rewashed with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer for three changes of 10 min each. A series of acetone was applied every 10-min interval in the dehydration process (35%, 50%, 75%, 95%) including 100% acetone for three changes every 15 min. The specimens were transferred into a specimen basket and put into a critical dryer for 1.5 h. After that, all specimens were stuck onto the stub and sputter-coated (Baltec SCD005) with gold in an ion sputter for two minutes. All sample specimens were viewed by microscope examination using JEOL JSM-6400 SEM.

Collagen gels with and without BV2 cells were processed based on a modified version of Lizárraga and colleagues
[17 (link)]. Briefly, samples were prefixed in 2.5% v/v glutaraldehyde at 4°C for 4 hrs and washed with 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer. After overnight incubation, samples were post-fixated in 1% osmium tetraoxide. Samples were then dehydrated using a graded series of ethanol followed by immersion in 100% acetone. The samples were then transferred to a Baltec CPD 030 Critical Point Dryer for critical point drying. Samples were coated with gold-palladium in a Baltec SCD 005 Sputter Coater and examined under JEOL JSM-6400 SEM.

To assess the ultrastructure of polymicrobial biofilms formed on coverslips, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used as previously described [27 (link),31 (link)]. Briefly, biofilms were fixed using 2% paraformaldehyde, 2% glutaraldehyde, 0.15% alician blue power and 0.15 M sodium cacodylate. This was followed by counterstaining with uranyl acetate and gradient dehydration in ethanol (30–100%). Samples were then sputter-coated using gold/palladium and visualised using a JEOL JSM-6400 SEM machine at 1000x and 5000x magnification (JEOL Ltd).