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9 protocols using collagenase 1

1

Tumor and Lymph Node Cell Isolation

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Fresh tumor and metastatic lymph node tissues were minced with scalpels and digested in 1 mg/ml collagenase I (Wako, Osaka, Japan) with 0.5% bovine serum albumin at 37°C
for 2 hr. Undigested tissue was removed by filtration using a 100 µm mesh. Cells were incubated with 200 µl of 10 µg/mltrastuzumab (Herceptin; Roche, Hertfordshire, U.K.) or without trastuzumab as negative control for 30 min at 4°C, followed by three washes in fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)
buffer (phosphate-buffered saline containing 5% fetal bovine serum). Then, cells were incubated with anti-human IgG APC antibodies (BioLegend) diluted 1:25 for 30 min at 4°C, and washed with
FACS buffer. Negative controls were also subjected to the same procedures. After live cells were gated by forward scatter/side scatter (FSC/SSC), fluorescence was measured and analyzed using
a flow cytometer and its related software (BD FACSVerse™, Becton-Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, U.S.A.). Staining positivity was confirmed by negative control.
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2

Phenotypic Analysis of Tumor Immune Cells

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Tumors were harvested and processed using Collagenase I and DNase I (Wako, Osaka, Japan). The resulting cell suspensions were clarified using 40-μm filters to prepare single cell suspensions, and single cells were suspended in PBS supplemented with 2% FBS. Splenocytes were hemolyzed and incubated with anti-CD16/32 2.4G2 (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) to reduce FcγR binding. Cell-surface antigens were stained with antibodies specific for CD8 (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA, clone 53-6.7), CD4 (BioLegend, clone GK1.5), CD45 (BioLegend, clone 30-F11), IA/IE (BD Bioscience, clone M5/114), CD11c (BD Bioscience, clone HL3), CD11b (BioLegend, clone M1/70), and F4/80 (BioLegend, clone BM8).
For intracellular staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized using Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA) after cell surface staining and were stained with labeled antibodies against the intracellular molecules foxp3 (eBioscience, clone FJK-16s), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1, Abcam, Cambridge, UK, clone EPR3915), and hexokinase II (HX2, Abcam, clone EPR20839).
Samples were analyzed on a FACS Calibur HG flow cytometer (BD Biosciences). Data analysis was performed with CellQuest™ software (Becton Dickinson, Lincoln Park, NJ, USA).
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3

Isolation and Culture of Mature Adipocytes

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sWAT was excised from euthanized adult male mice, minced with scissors, and incubated in collagenase buffer (20 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 4 mM NaHCO3, 1 mM CaCl2, 0.7 mM MgSO4, 0.4 mM KH2PO4, 0.3 mM Na2HPO4, and 4 mg/mL collagenase I (031-17601, Fujifilm Wako, Osaka, Japan)) at 37 °C for 1 h. Subsequently, the floating layer containing mature adipocytes was collected. Isolated mature adipocytes were then resuspended and cultivated in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 500 IU/mL penicillin, and 500 μg/mL streptomycin.
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4

Isolation and Expansion of Rat Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

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Under general anesthesia with 3 mixed anesthetics (midazolam 5 mg/kg, medetomidine 0.375 mg/kg, butorphanol 2.5 mg/kg), ASCs were isolated from the inguinal fat pads of Sprague–Dawley rat (8 weeks old; Japan SLC Inc.), according to the method previously reported [29 ]. In brief, subcutaneous adipose tissue was digested with 0.25 w/v% collagenase I (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Japan) under gentle agitation for 45 min at 37 °C and added Dulbecco modified Eagle medium (DMEM, Sigma Aldrich, Missouri, United States) containing 10 v/v% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Sigma Aldrich) and centrifuged at 200 g for 5 min. After aspirating to remove cellular debris and supernatant, the pellet was suspended in the control medium (DMEM supplemented with 10 v/v% FBS and 1 v/v% antibiotic/antimycotic). Next, the cell suspension was filtered through a 40 μm nylon sieve to remove cellular debris and centrifuged at 200 g for 5 min. Then, the pellet was resuspended in a control medium and cultured in 100 mm tissue culture dishes at a density of 1 × 106 cells per plate. These cells were cultured in the control medium at 37 °C and in 5% CO2. ASCs at passage 3 isolated from rats were used for this study.
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5

Isolation of Deciduous Tooth Stem Cells

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Human exfoliated deciduous teeth were provided by Pediatric Dentistry and Special Need Dentistry at Kyushu University Hospital in Japan. After informed parental consent was obtained, deciduous teeth were collected from a normal participant and a patient with DS at 6 and 14 years of age, respectively. The isolation procedure was completed as previously described [15 (link)]. Briefly, the pulp tissue was subjected to an enzymatic dissociation in 3 mg/mL collagenase I (Washington, NJ, USA) and 4 mg/mL dispase II (Wako, Osaka, Japan) for 1 h, and then maintained at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator in the Alpha modification of Eagle’s Minimal Essential Medium (α-MEM; Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) containing 15% fetal bovine serum (Sigma-Aldrich), 100 μM L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Wako), 2 mM L-glutamine (Life Technologies, NY, USA), 250 μg/mL Fungizone (Life Technologies), 100 U/mL penicillin (Life Technologies), and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Life Technologies). Cells of not more than 10 passages were used, but Ctrl-SHED and DS-SHED were not always of the same passage.
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6

Immune Profiling of Tumor Microenvironment

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Thirteen mice were used for flow-cytometry (cGAMP alone group n = 6, cGAMP/anti-PD-1 combination group n = 7). Tumors were harvested and processed using Collagenase I and DNase I (Wako, Osaka, Japan). The resulting cell suspensions were clarified using 40-μm filters to prepare single cell suspensions, and single cells were suspended in PBS supplemented with 2% FBS. Splenocytes were hemolyzed and incubated with anti-CD16/32 2.4G2 antibody (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) to reduce FcγR binding. Cell-surface antigens were stained with antibodies specific for CD8 (BioLegend, San Diego, CA, clone 53-6.7), CD4 (BioLegend, clone GK1.5), and CD45 (BioLegend, clone 30-F11).
For intracellular staining, cells were fixed and permeabilized using a Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (eBioscience, San Diego, CA) after cell surface staining and then stained with labeled antibodies against the intracellular molecules Foxp3 (eBioscience, clone FJK-16s), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1, Abcam, Cambridge, UK, clone EPR3915), and hexokinase II (HX2, Abcam, clone EPR20839).
Samples were analyzed on a FACS Calibur HG flow cytometer (BD Biosciences). Data analysis was performed with CellQuest™ software (Becton Dickinson, Lincoln Park, NJ).
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7

Isolation of CD31-positive Endothelial Cells

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CD31-positive ECs were isolated from the WAT (epididymal fat pad) by the use of a Magnetic Cell Sorting System (MACS, Miltenyi Biotec, Auburn, CA). Tissues of WT or Vash1−/− mice were minced and digested with collagenase I and Dispase II (Wako). The cell suspensions were then filtered through a 70 μm cell strainer (BD) and treated with ACK Lysing Buffer (GIBCO) to remove erythrocytes. CD31-positive ECs were isolated by MACS with CD31 MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
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8

Isolation and Culture of Murine Adipose Stromal Cells

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Subcutaneous WAT was excised from euthanized 22-week-old male mice. Minced subcutaneous WAT was digested in collagenase buffer (20 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 4 mM NaHCO3, 1 mM CaCl2, 0.7 mM MgSO4, 0.4 mM KH2PO4, and 0.3 mM Na2HPO4) supplemented with 3 mg/mL collagenase I (031-17601, Fujifilm Wako (Osaka, Japan)) at 37 °C for 1 h. Digested subcutaneous WAT was filtered through 100 μm nylon mesh to get a single-cell suspension, which was then centrifugated at 760× g for 10 min at room temperature. The precipitated SVF was suspended in KBM ADSC-1 (Kohjin Bio, Saitama, Japan) supplemented with 2500 IU/mL penicillin and 2500 μg/mL streptomycin and cultured at 37 °C with 5% CO2 to confluence.
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9

Osteoblast Culture from Mouse Calvaria

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Primary osteoblasts were prepared from calvariae of 3-5-dayold C57BL/6 mice by five sequential digestions using 0.1% collagenase I (Wako Pure Chemicals). The cells were grown for 21 days in α-MEM containing 10% FBS in the presence of β-glycerophosphate and ascorbic acid (Wako Pure Chemicals). Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was examined using TRAP/ALP Staining kit (Wako Pure Chemicals) according to the protocol provided in the kit. For 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 or PTH stimulation, primary osteoblasts were treated with 10 nM of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 (Cayman, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) or 100 ng/ml of human PTH (1-31) (Bachem Bioscience, King of Prussia, PA, USA) as indicated in each experiment.
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