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12 protocols using mak006

1

Hematological and Biochemical Profiling

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Red blood cell (RBC) counts were established as specified by Brown (1976). Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was quantified according to [17 ]. The serum concentrations of creatinine, urea alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were calculated using standard kits (Sigma-Aldrich; MAK052, MAK055, MAK080 and MAK006, respectively). C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated according to the guidelines of a commercial kit (AG723-M; Sigma-Aldrich).
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2

Circadian Rhythm Metabolite Analysis

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Blood and urine samples were collected at ZT6 and ZT18. For determination of serum ammonia and urea concentrations, we employed assay kits (Sigma, AA0100 and MAK006, respectively) according to the manufacturer’s protocols.
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3

Biochemical Assays for Livestock Research

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Concentrations of progesterone for Experiment 1 were determined utilizing a commercially available RIA kit (207270; MP Biomedicals; Irvine, CA, USA) according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Intra-assay coefficients of variation averaged 6.39% and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 7.25% for the analysis of samples containing 0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 ng progesterone/mL. Concentrations of FGF21 (RD291108200R; BioVendor, LLC; Asheville, NC, USA), progesterone (Experiment 2; 4825; Monobind Inc.; Lake Forest, CA, USA), NEFA (999-34691; Wako Diagnostics; Terra Bella, CA, USA), PUN (MAK006; Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO, USA), and glucose (TR15421; Thermo Fisher Scientific; Middletown, VA, USA) were determined utilizing commercially available ELISA kits according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Intra-assay coefficients of variation averaged 3.64, 5.71, 5.26, 1.42, and 5.21% and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 7.53, 14.69, 6.49, 4.21, and 5.95% for analysis of samples containing 25.6 pmol FGF21/L, 0.64 ng progesterone/mL, 0.67 mmol NEFA/L, 4.8 mmol PUN/L, and 9.3 mmol glucose/L, respectively. Recovery of the added mass of 8 replicates each containing 100 pg of recombinant bovine FGF21 (cyt-657; Prospec; Ness Ziona, Israel) resulted in 115.65% recovery.
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4

Quantifying Gill Urea in Medaka

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Urea content in medaka gills was measured with a commercial colorimetric urea assay kit (MAK006, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Gill tissue was rapidly homogenized in 100 μL of cold urea assay buffer, and centrifuged at 13,000 × g for 10 min at 4 °C to collect the supernatant. The samples were mixed with assay reagent in a clear 96-well microplate and then incubated at 37 °C for 60 min. Absorbance was measured at 570 nm with a microplate reader (Spectrophotometer, Thermo scientific, MultiSkan GO, NH, USA).
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5

Urine and Serum Biomarker Quantification

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Urine and serum samples collected were stored at −80°C. Ammonia was measured using a commercially available kit (AA0100; Sigma St Louis, MO, USA). Urine creatinine was assessed using a colorimetric assay kit (ab65340; Abcam Cambridge, MA, USA). Urine and serum urea were measured using a urea assay kit (MAK006; Sigma).
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6

Hepatic and Serum Urea and Ammonia Assay

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Hepatic and serum urea and ammonia levels were measured by commercial kits (MAK006 and AA0100, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA). Liver tissues were homogenized in the urea assay buffer provided by the kit for urea assay, while livers were homogenized in the water for ammonia assay, followed by protein concentration measurement to normalize the samples. Serum samples were measured by the kits directly.
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7

Colorimetric Urea Assay Protocol

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Urea levels were determined by a colorimetric urea assay (MAK006; SigmaAldrich) according to manufacturer's instruction. The colored result of a coupled enzyme reaction was measured at 570 nm on a Synergy Mx microplate reader (Biotek, Winooski, USA). Culture supernatants were diluted 100x prior to analysis to fit the kit's standard curve. Data were normalized to observed background effects due to interference of compounds in the media, like e.g. ammonium, NAD+/NADP+ and pyruvate.
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8

Hematological and Biochemical Profiling

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Hematological indices (red blood cell counts (RBC) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration) were determined as defined by [36 ]. The serum concentrations of ALT, AST, urea and creatinine were assessed via commercial kits (Sigma-Aldrich, MAK080, MAK006, MAK052, MAK055, respectively). C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were evaluated by standard kit (AG723-M, Sigma-Aldrich).
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9

Serum and Hepatic Lipid Profiling

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Serum parameters including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were measured with the commercial kits (A111-2, A112-2, and A113-2; Jiancheng). Serum chemistry tests including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, and total protein were performed with the commercial kits (MAK052, MAK055, MAK116, MAK066, MAK006, MAK080, MAK077; 09753 and 71285-M; Sigma–Aldrich). Triglyceride was extracted using 5% NP-40 solution in liver and heated at 90 °C for twice. Then it was cooled down to room temperature and centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 2 min to collect transparent supernatant. The serum and hepatic levels of triglyceride were measured using TG kit (K952; BioVision).
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10

Hematological and Biochemical Profiling

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Red blood cell counts (RBC) was determined as defined by Brown [1976]. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was measured according to89 . The serum concentrations of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine, urea was measured using standard kits (Sigma-Aldrich, MAK080, MAK006, MAK052, MAK055, respectively). C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were assesed using commercial kit (AG723-M, Sigma-Aldrich).
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