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4 protocols using phloretin

1

Phenolic Compound Characterization Protocol

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The phenolic standards, rutin ( 95% purity, CAS No. 153-18-4), epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) ( 95% purity, CAS No. 989-51-5), (+)-naringenin ( 98% purity, CAS No. 67604-48-2), naringin ( 95% purity, CAS No. 10236-47-2), apigenin ( 94% purity, CAS No. 520-36-5), daidzein ( 98% purity, CAS No. 486-66-8), phloretin ( 98% purity, CAS No. 60-82-2) were purchased from Biosynth® CarboSynth (Bratislava, Slovakia); whereas quercetin ( 95% purity, CAS No. 117-39-5), ellagic acid ( 96% purity, CAS No. 476-66-4) and phloroglucinol (99% purity, CAS No. 108-73-6) - were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). HPLC-grade methanol, water, and acetonitrile were supplied by Fisher Scientific Chemicals. The enzymes α-amylase (A1031), pepsin from porcine stomach mucosa (P7012), pancreatin from porcine pancreas (P7545), and bile salts (B863) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). The rabbit gastric extract (RGE15) with gastric lipase activity was purchased from Lipolytech (Marseille, France). The ethanol was purchased from Merck (Algés, Portugal). A dialysis membrane with a molecular pore size of 3 kDa was purchased from Spectra/Pro (Spectrum Lab, Breda, Netherlands).
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2

Synthesis of UDP-sugar Derivatives

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Chemicals were from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe,
Germany) and Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna, Austria) in highest purity available.
UDP disodium salt, UDP-d-glucose disodium salt, UDP-d-glucuronic acid ammonium salt, 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin, and phloretin
(98%) were from Carbosynth (Berkshire, UK). 4-Methylumbelliferone
(≥98%) was from Sigma-Aldrich.
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3

Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Hydrogel Synthesis

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Carboxymethyl cellulose
(CMC, DSCOOH: 0.9; M.wt: 700 kDa), citric acid (CA ≥
99.5%), and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich, Austria. Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC, 3 wt
%) was obtained from the University of Maine, USA. Phloretin (>98%),
nothofagin (>98%), UDP (97%), HEPES buffer solution, and UDP-glucose
(>98%) were from Carbosynth (Berkshire, UK). Ultrapure water (Milli-Q
system, Millipore, USA; R > 18.18 M Ω cm) was used for the
preparation
of all samples.
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4

Cyclodextrin-Mediated Compound Isolation

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ReliSorb SP400 carrier was from Resindion S.R.L. 2‐Hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (>98%), phloretin (>98%), nothofagin (>98%), UDP (97%), and UDP‐glucose (>98%) were from Carbosynth. Unless indicated, all other chemicals were of analytical grade and obtained from Sigma‐Aldrich.
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