Heparg

The normal liver cells (HepaRG) and HCC cell lines (SMMC-7721, HepG2.2.15, HepG2 and Huh7) were purchased from ATCC(Manassas, VA, USA). HCC cells were cultured in a RPMI 1640 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and HepaRG cells in keratinocyte-SFM (Thermo Fisher, Jijie Technology, Wuhan, China), together with 100 U/mL penicillin(Baomanbio, Pudong, Shanghai, China) and 100 μg/mL streptomycin(Yita Bio, Pinggu, Haidian, Biejing, China) with 5% CO₂ at 37°C.

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CS, DS ≥ 80%, average molecular weight 100 kD), D-galactose and DTPA were purchased from Sigma. Dimeglnmine gadopentetate (Gd-DTPA) was purchased from Bayer Schering Pharma (Cambridge, UK). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from DojinDo laboratory. BCA Protein Quantification Kit was purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). HUVEC, HepG2, HepaRG, L929 cell lines were purchased from ATCC. Sprague-Dawley rats were purchased from specific pathogen free (SPF) laboratory animal center in East China Normal University. Hematoxylin-eosin was purchased from Bioeasy Biological Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Anticoagulant citrate dextrose (ACD) human blood was provided by healthy donors.