After methylation of FA with boron trifluoride methanol, the FA composition of the squid crude PL, DHA-LPC rich oil, and experimental diets were determined using a gas chromatography (GC) system (GC-2014; Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan) with Omegawax ® capillary GC column (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) as described previously 16) . The PL contents of the squid crude PL and DHA-LPC rich oil were determined using phosphorus analyses as described previously 17) . The PL class compositions of the squid crude PL and DHA-LPC rich oil were analyzed by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using two solvent systems: chloroform/methanol/ammonia (first solvent, 65:35:8, v/v/v) and chloroform/acetone/methanol/ acetic acid/water (second solvent, 5:2:1:1:0.5, v/v/v/v/v) . Spots were visualized with 8％ phosphoric acid containing 3％ cupric acetate and the PL class composition was determined using JustTLC software (version 4.0.3; Sweday, Lund, Sweden) . Cholesterol content of squid crude PL and DHA-LPC rich oil were analyzed using GC system (GC-2014; Shimadzu Co.) with DB-5 column (Agilent Technologies, California, USA) , and 5α-cholestane as an internal standard, as described previously 18) .
Gc 2014
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Netherlands
The GC-2014 is a gas chromatograph designed for laboratory use. It is capable of analyzing a wide range of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. The GC-2014 features a programmable temperature control system, a choice of detectors, and advanced data analysis software.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Stabilwax, by Restek (8 mentions)
Aoc 20i, by Shimadzu (6 mentions)
Gcms qp2010, by Shimadzu (6 mentions)
Gc 8a, by Shimadzu (5 mentions)
Gc 2010 plus, by Shimadzu (4 mentions)
Gc 2010, by Shimadzu (4 mentions)
Supelco 37 component fame mix, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Uv 1700, by Shimadzu (3 mentions)
Omegawax capillary column, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Gc solution version 2, by Shimadzu (3 mentions)
Db 5 capillary column, by Agilent Technologies (3 mentions)
2 ethyl butyric acid, by Chem Service (3 mentions)
Jes fa200, by JEOL (3 mentions)
Cr21giii, by Hitachi (3 mentions)
Db ffap, by Agilent Technologies (3 mentions)
Stabilwax da, by Restek (3 mentions)
Arm200f, by JEOL (3 mentions)
Divinylbenzene carboxen polydimethylsiloxane dvb car pdms, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Nicolet 6700, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Ethylene standard, by GL Sciences (2 mentions)
438 protocols using gc 2014
1
Fatty Acid Composition and Phospholipid Analysis
2
Measuring Ethylene Production in Fruit
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Fruit were taken from each treatment and assessed for ethylene production. Weigh the apples in each group, then, three fruit of each treatment randomly selected were placed individually into 2 L glass jars (Seal with sellotape) for 6 h, 25 °C. One mL gas sample was taken from the head space using a gastight syringe and injected into a gas chromatograph (GC-2014, Shimadzu, Japan), equipped with a Shimadzu GC-2014 flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and GDX-502 column. The temperatures of chromatograph column, injector and GC-FID were 70 °C, 140 °C and 200 °C, respectively. The carrier gas N2 flow rate was 30 mL min−1, the H2 flow rate was 30 mL min−1, and the air flow rate was 300 mL min−1. The ethylene production rate of the fruit was calculated (μL g−1 h−1): (c × V)/(m × t × 1000), wheres c is the amount of ethylene in the samples (μL L−1); V is the volume of the glass container (mL); t is measuring time; m is the sample weight. Six biological replicates in each group.
3
Analytical Profiling of Wine Composition
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Total acidity, volatile acidity, pH and ethanol content were determined according to the Official European Union Methods [40 ]. The final samples, prepared following the procedure of Canonico et al. [41 (link)], were directly injected into a gas chromatography system (GC-2014; Shimadzu, Kjoto, Japan) to quantify acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, n-propanol, isobutanol, amyl and isoamyl alcohols. Solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method with the fiber. Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used to determine the main volatile compounds desorbed by inserting the fiber into gas chromatograph GC (GC-2014; Shimadzu, Kjoto, Japan) The compounds were identified and quantified using external calibration curves [42 (link)].
Glucose and fructose (K-FRUGL), glycerol (K-GCROL) and succinic acid (K-SUCC) were analyzed using specific enzyme kits (Megazyme International, Wicklow Ireland).
Glucose and fructose (K-FRUGL), glycerol (K-GCROL) and succinic acid (K-SUCC) were analyzed using specific enzyme kits (Megazyme International, Wicklow Ireland).
4
Analytical Methods for Brewing Compounds
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(Glucose, sucrose, maltose were determined using specific enzymatic kits (kit k-masug) Megazyme, Wicklow, Ireland), while the protein content in final beers was measured using Lowry method. [25 (link)]. Direct injection of final beers prepared following Canonico et al. [26 (link)] procedure into a gas chromatography system (GC-2014; Shimadzu, Kjoto, Japan) was used to quantify acetaldehyde ethyl acetate, n-propanol, isobutanol, amyl and isoamyl alcohols. The main volatile compounds were determined by solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method using a fiber Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The compounds were desorbed by inserting the fiber into gas chromatograph GC (GC-2014; Shimadzu, Kjoto, Japan) identified and quantified by comparisons with external calibration curves for each compound [26 (link)].
5
Identification and Quantification of c-20:1 Fatty Acids
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Each FAME sample was screened for the availability of c-20:1 by analyzing total FA composition using GC-2014 (Shimadzu Corporation) fitted with a flame ionization detector (FID) . FAME separation was carried out on the Omegawax 320 capillary GC column (30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm, Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K.) and peaks were identified using the Supelco 37 component FAME mix standard (data for total FA composition are not shown) . The c-20:1 FAME fractions obtained from HPLC were subjected to GC-FID analysis using GC-2014 (Shimadzu Corporation) fitted with a highly polar IL capillary column (SLB-IL111, 100 m×0.25 mm×0.2 μm, Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K.) . Injector and detector temperatures were maintained at 250℃. Separation was carried out isothermally at 160℃ using helium (1.2 mL/min) as the carrier gas. The split ratio was 100:1. Three replicate analyses (from step 2.3 to step 2.5) were performed per sample.
6
Catalytic Oxidation of Methane
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Catalytic oxidation of methane was performed in a continuous flow reactor under atmospheric pressure. After pretreatment of the catalyst (50 mg) at 873 K with Ar at the flow rate of 30 mL min−1 for 1 h, the mixture gas of CH4 (0.06 atm), O2 (0.03 atm), Ar (balance) at an SV 3.0 × 104 mL h−1 g-cat−1 was fed into the reactor. The temperature inside the catalyst bed was monitored using thermocouple. The reaction products at the outlet of the reactor were analyzed by using on-line gas chromatography. CH4, CO, H2, and CO2 were analyzed by GC (Shimadzu, GC-2014) equipped with a thermal conductivity detector and packed column (Shimadzu, Shincarbon-ST 50/80, inner diameter 3 mm, length 6 m). For other products such as ethane and ethene, the other GC (Shimadzu, GC-2014) equipped flame ionization detector and a capillary column (Agilient, HP-PLOT Q, inner diameter 0.530 mm, length 30 m, film thickness 40.0 μm).
7
Ethylene Transformation in Zeolite Catalysis
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The catalyst was pelletized to achieve a size of 355–500 μm. The catalyst pellets were placed in a quartz tube (9.0 mm i.d.) as a fixed-bed reactor. Prior to the reaction, the catalyst was treated at 550 °C for 1 h under air flow (30 cm3 (SATP) min−1). After the pretreatment, the gas flow was changed from air to He (30 cm3 (SATP) min−1) followed by cooling to 400 °C or the other specified reaction temperature. The ETP reaction was performed at three different temperatures: 400, 450, and 500 °C. Ethylene (Wzeolite/Fethylene = 16.4 g-cat. h mol−1) was introduced into the top of the catalyst-bed with He as a carrier gas (30 cm3 (SATP) min−1). The C2H4 and products were analyzed using an online gas-chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC-FID; GC-2014, Shimadzu) equipped with a DB-5 capillary column (60 m length; 0.53 mm i.d.; 5.0 μm thick) and an offline GC-FID (GC-2014, Shimadzu) with a KCl/Al2O3 capillary column (50 m length; 0.53 mm i.d.; 10 μm thick). The conversion of C2H4, the yield and distribution of products, and the material balance were calculated on the carbon-basis of the input amount of C2H4.
8
Analytical Methods for Microbial Fuel Cell Measurements
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Methanol was measured using a gas chromatograph (GC-2014; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) equipped with a flame ionization detector (Shimadzu) and Stabilwax column (length, 30 m; inner diameter, 0.32 mm; film thickness, 0.25 µm; Restek, Bellefonte, PA). Operation temperatures were as follows: injection temperature, 250°C; column temperature, 40 to 240°C (increased at a rate of 10°C min−1); and detector temperature, 300°C. Organic acids, including, formate, malate, lactate, acetate, citrate, succinate, maleate, propionate, and fumarate, in electrolytes were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; Agilent Technologies, Tokyo, Japan) after the cells were removed by filtration through a cassette membrane (0.22-µm pore size, DISMIC-13HP; Advantec, Tokyo, Japan) as described elsewhere [15] (link). Methane, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide concentrations in the MFC headspace were measured using a gas chromatograph (GC-2014; Shimadzu) equipped with a thermal conductivity detector and molecular sieve 5A 60–80/Porapack Q 80–100 column (Shimadzu) as described elsewhere [16] (link). The column, injection, and detector temperatures were 50, 100, and 80°C, respectively.
9
Quantitative Analysis of Fecal SCFAs
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Assessment of fecal SCFAs including acetate, butyrate, and propionate was performed by Gas Chromatography (GC) method using a GC Device (GC-2014 Shimadzu, apparatus, Japan)
following established protocols (35) . Before analysis, samples were thawed and processed according to standardized procedures. Initially, a 500 mg sample of homogenized fecal matter was treated with a 15% aqueous azide solution in a Falcon tube. Subsequently, phosphoric acid was added to each 100 mg of the sample, ensuring complete homogenization. Following this, 2ethyl butyraldehyde was introduced as an internal standard. After centrifugation, the supernatant was filtered for injection. The GC analysis was performed utilizing a Shimadzu GC-2014 apparatus with specific column and carrier gas settings. This methodological approach, which involved precise preparation steps and sophisticated GC instrumentation, facilitated the accurate quantification of SCFAs in fecal samples.
following established protocols (35) . Before analysis, samples were thawed and processed according to standardized procedures. Initially, a 500 mg sample of homogenized fecal matter was treated with a 15% aqueous azide solution in a Falcon tube. Subsequently, phosphoric acid was added to each 100 mg of the sample, ensuring complete homogenization. Following this, 2ethyl butyraldehyde was introduced as an internal standard. After centrifugation, the supernatant was filtered for injection. The GC analysis was performed utilizing a Shimadzu GC-2014 apparatus with specific column and carrier gas settings. This methodological approach, which involved precise preparation steps and sophisticated GC instrumentation, facilitated the accurate quantification of SCFAs in fecal samples.
10
Quantifying Blood Acetaldehyde via GC-FID
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Collected orbital sinus blood samples were immediately added to 500 μL 0.001% (w/w) t-butanol as an internal standard consisting of 0.6 N perchloric acid, vortexed and then centrifuged at 1,000×g for 3 min. Finally, 450 μL of the supernatant was transferred to 20 mL gas chromatography vials and used to determine blood acetaldehyde levels by gas chromatograph (GC). A GC equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-2014, Shimazu, Japan) combined with a head space auto sampler (TurboMatrix 40, PerkinElmer) was used throughout the study. The chromatographic conditions, in short, were as follows: the column, injector and detector temperatures were 90, 110, and 200°C, respectively. The separation column was a Supelcowax wide bore capillary (60 m length, 0.53 mm i.d., 2 μm film thickness, Supelco, PA, USA). Nitrogen was used as the carrier gas at 50 kPa [19 (link)].
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