Anti yap1

The peripheral parts of muscle specimens were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C for biochemical studies. Western blotting was performed as previously described (Fujimura and Usuki, 2015 (link), 2017 (link)). Briefly, the samples were sonicated for 5 s in tissue lysis buffer (T-PER Mammalian Protein Extraction Reagent; Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, USA) containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail 2 and 3 (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, USA). The samples were centrifuged (14,000 g for 1 h), and the supernatants were collected. The protein content was determined using the DC Protein Assay Kit II (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, USA). The cell lysates (20 μg protein) were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on a 10% gel (Tefco, Tokyo, Japan) and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK). The membranes were then subjected to the following antibody probes: anti-MGF (Millipore, Billerica, USA); anti-IGF-I (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA); anti-YAP1 (Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA); anti-phospho-YAP1 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK); anti-PAX7 (Cytoskeleton Incorporated, Denver, USA); anti-phospho-ERK, anti-ERK, anti-AKT, anti-phospho-AKT, anti-phospho-4EBP1, and anti-phospho-p70 S6 kinase (Cell Signaling Technologies); and anti-β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich).