Cyproterone acetate

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Cyproterone acetate is a synthetic steroid compound used as a pharmaceutical agent. It functions as an antiandrogen, inhibiting the effects of male hormones (androgens) in the body.

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Lab products found in correlation

Mibolerone, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions) Dexamethasone (dex), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Testosterone propionate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Blasticidin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Rpmi 1640 medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Zeocin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Penicillin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Streptomycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Bicalutamide, by AstraZeneca (1 mentions) Oestradiol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Progesterone, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Bicalutamide, by LGC (1 mentions) Hydroxyflutamide, by LGC (1 mentions) N methyl n nitroso urea nmu, by Merck Group (1 mentions) P ddt d8, by Cambridge Isotopes (1 mentions) Methyltrienolone r1881, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) Pcb126, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

5 protocols using cyproterone acetate

LNCaP and HeLa Cell Cultures

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HeLa cells and the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line were obtained from ATCC and cultured at 37 °C, 5% CO₂ in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) and Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) medium 1640 (Invitrogen, Strathclyde, UK) respectively, both supplemented with 2 mml-Glutamine, 100units/ml penicillin, 100 mg/ml streptomycin (Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO) and 10% fetal bovine serum. The LNCaP-PHB cell line has been previously described (16 (link)) and was grown in media supplemented as above with the exception that 10% tetracycline-free fetal bovine serum was used and the cells additionally supplemented with 12 μg/ml blasticidin (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA), 500 μg/ml G418 (Sigma-Aldrich), and 0.3 mg/ml zeocin (Invitrogen).
Mibolerone (Perkin-Elmer, Beaconsfield, UK), cyproterone acetate (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorsett, UK), bicalutamide (Astra-Zeneca, Cheshire, UK), and hydroxyflutamide (Schering-Plough, Hertfordshire, UK) were resuspended in ethanol and stored at −20 °C until use, final concentrations were 10 nm for Mibolerone and 1 μm for antiandrogens.

Brooke G.N., Gamble S.C., Hough M.A., Begum S., Dart D.A., Odontiadis M., Powell S.M., Fioretti F.M., Bryan R.A., Waxman J., Wait R, & Bevan C.L. (2015). Antiandrogens Act as Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators at the Proteome Level in Prostate Cancer Cells. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP, 14(5), 1201-1216.

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Steroid Receptor Ligand Procurement

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Mibolerone was purchased from Perkin Elmer (MA, USA). Oestradiol, Progesterone, Dexamethasone and Cyproterone Acetate were from Sigma Aldrich (MO, USA) and Bicalutamide and Hydroxyflutamide from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada).

Brooke G.N., Powell S.M., Lavery D.N., Waxman J., Buluwela L., Ali S, & Bevan C.L. (2014). Engineered repressors are potent inhibitors of androgen receptor activity. Oncotarget, 5(4), 959-969.

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Inducing Prostate Cancer in Animal Models

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According to the previous studies to induce the prostate cancer in the cancerous groups, the animals received a daily dose (50 mg/kg body weight) of cyproterone acetate (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) as intraperitoneal injections for 18 consecutive days. cyproterone acetate (CA) was used to prevent release of androgens from testis and to induce atrophy in the prostate epithelium. On day after the last injection of CA, the animals received a daily subcutaneous injection (100 mg/kg) of testosterone propionate (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) for three days to stimulate proliferation of prostate epithelium. On day after the last injection, the N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) was injected to the animals as intraperitoneal at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The NMU powder was first wetted with 3 % acetic acid and then diluted with saline to prepare a final concentration 10 mg/mL with pH 5.5 for injection (Bosland and Prinsen, 1990[7 (link)]; Arroyo-Acevedo et al., 2017[3 (link)]).

Vahabzadeh Z., Molodi M., Nikkho B., Saghebjoo M., Saedmocheshi S., Zamani F., Roshani Y, & Babanzadeh S. (2020). Aerobic training and hydroalcoholic extracts of green tea improve pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance and histopathological score in the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced prostate cancer model of rat. EXCLI Journal, 19, 762-772.

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Analytical Protocol for Persistent Organic Pollutants

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The following chemicals were purchased from AccuStandard: 1,1,1-Trichloro-2, 2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p’-DDT), 1,1,1-trichloro-2,4-bis-(o-chlorophenyl)ethane (o,p’-DDT), 1,1- dichloro-2,2-bis-(chlorophenyl) ethane (p,p’-DDD), 1,1-dichloro- 2,2-bis-(chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p’-DDE), 1,1-dichloro-2, 4-bis-(chlorophenyl) ethylene (o,p’-DDE), 1,1-dichloro-2,4-bis-(chlorophenyl) ethane (o,p’-DDD), surrogate standards PCB-67 and PCB-191, and internal standards PCB-30 and PCB-82. The performance reference compounds (PRCs) ¹³C-o,p’-DDD and ¹³C- o,p’-DDE and p,p’-DDT-d₈, o,p’-DDT-d₈, p,p’-DDD-d₈, and p,p’-DDE-d₈ were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Tewksbury, MA) or C/D/N Isotopes (Pointe-Claire, Canada). Chemicals known to activate estrogen receptor (ER) (17β-estradiol), Aryl-hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) (PCB126), Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) (dexamethasone) and inhibit the Androgen Receptor (anti-AR) (cyproterone acetate) were purchased at the highest purity available from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The AR ligand (methyltrienolone, R1881) was purchased from Perkin Elmer. Solvents and other chemicals were of analytical grade and purchased from Fisher Scientific. Deionized water with electrical resistivity of 18.2 M /cm was prepared using a Barnstead E-pure system.

Crago J., Xu E.G., Kupsco A., Jia F., Mehinto A.C., Lao W., Maruya K.A., Gan J, & Schlenk D. (2016). Trophic transfer and effects of DDT in male hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis) from Palos Verdes Superfund site, CA (USA) and comparisons to field monitoring. Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987), 213, 940-948.

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Induction of Prostate Cancer in Rats

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To induce the PCa in the rats, 40 rats (cancer groups) received an intake of cyproterone acetate (CA: 50 mg•kg -1 •d -1 in sesame oil, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO) through injecting intraperitoneally for 18 sequential days as described in the previous studies ( 18). One day after the last injection of CA, that is, day 19, the rats received subcutaneous injections of testosterone propionate (TP) for 3 d (100 mg•kg -1 •d -1 ; Sigma-Aldrich) for achieving the maximum stimulation in prostatic epithelial cells proliferation potential. On the day after the last TP injection, that is, day 22, the NMU (Sigma-Aldrich) was injected to the animals intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg•kg -1 in sesame oil. The NMU was wetted first with 3% acetic acid and then was diluted by normal saline to prepare a final concentration of 10 mg•mL -1 with pH 5.5 for injection ( 18 ). In the sham group, we injected solvents of carcinogenic substances, that is, sesame oil (50 mg•kg -1 ) instead of CA, normal saline (50 mg•kg -1 ) instead of TP, and sesame oil (50 mg•kg -1 ) instead of NMU.

Saedmocheshi S., Saghebjoo M., Vahabzadeh Z, & Sheikholeslami-Vatani D. (2019). Aerobic Training and Green Tea Extract Protect against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced Prostate Cancer. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 51(11).

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