Concentrations below the LOD were counted as half the LOD. All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software, version 16.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., USA). An independent-samples t test was employed to test the difference in NP concentration in drinking water between the two areas. A nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze the differences in urine NP concentration between two areas. Analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) was used to compare the baseline characteristics of the participants in two areas. Statistical significance was accepted at P < 0.05 for all comparisons.
Spss software version 16.0 for windows
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SPSS software version 16.0 for Windows is a statistical analysis software that provides tools for data management, analysis, and presentation. It enables users to access and manipulate data, perform various statistical tests, and generate reports and visualizations. The software is designed to be used by researchers, analysts, and professionals across different industries.
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Lab products found in correlation
35 protocols using spss software version 16.0 for windows
1
Nanoparticle Concentration in Drinking Water
2
Genetic Associations in Knee Osteoarthritis
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Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, version 16.0 for windows (SPSS Inc.; Chicago, IL, USA). Baseline quantitative data are represented as mean ± SD. The Chi-square goodness-of-fit test was employed to assess the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) for genotype and allelic proportions in the cases and control groups. The associations between the Gln223Arg polymorphism and the risk of knee OA was evaluated with odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) after adjusting for age and BMI with multivariate logistic regression analysis. Further stratifications analysis for sex, age and the radiographic severity of OA were subsequently conducted. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed to analyze the data normality and unpaired t test, Mann–Whitney U test, or chi-square test was used to assess significance in clinical characteristics between patients with knee OA and healthy controls, as appropriate. Clinical characteristics of OA patients with different genotype were compared using chi-square or Kruskal-Wallis tests. For all the tests, P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The power of the study was estimated with the published data in the literature and then calculated with Power and Precision software (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA), with results reaching over 75 %.
3
Visual Acuity Changes Analysis
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Variables were expressed as percentage or mean ± standard deviation. Visual acuity was expressed as logMAR (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) for statistical analysis. To analyze changes in variables, paired Student's t-test was used. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The statistical significance was defined at 95% confidence intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16.0 for Windows (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL).
4
Validating the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
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We analyzed the data using SPSS software, version 16.0 for Windows (released 2007; Chicago, IL, USA). We assessed internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha; convergent validity was evaluated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient among the items, subscale scores, and total scores. We further determined the validity of the HADS by means of factor analysis, in which the correlation matrix, Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measurement of sampling adequacy, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity were used to assess the factorability of the 14 questionnaire items. We examined the factor structure of the HADS by restricting the factor extraction process to two factors and employing the principal component method. Proportion of variance was assessed through initial eigenvalues explained by each of the factors. We used varimax rotation to obtain the rotated factors. Pearson’s chi-square test was utilized to assess the associations between the categorical study variables and the three levels of depression and anxiety. We employed a p value of <0.05 to determine the statistical significance of the study results.
5
Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data
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All data were presented as (Means SD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for multiple group comparison, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. P 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16.0 for windows (SPSS Inc, Chicago, II).
6
Analyzing ATP Dynamics in Normothermic Machine Perfusion
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Continuous variables are presented as medians and interquartile range (IQR). Categorical variables are presented as number and percentage. Continuous variables were compared between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were compared with the Pearson chi-square. Total course of ATP concentration starting at baseline (before NMP) through 6 h of NMP was analyzed between the groups by comparing the area under the curve (AUC, using the trapezium rule). A p-value <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software version 16.0 for Windows (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL).
7
Retrospective Study of Cleft Lip and Palate
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This retrospective descriptive study was performed using data collection method and included the evaluation of the files and completing the data forms. The study population consisted of all the patients who had undergone surgery due to cleft palate or cleft lip or both at the beginning of 2002 to the end of 2011 (a 10-year period) in Mashhad Sheikh and Imam Reza Hospitals.
The registered files of the patients were carefully evaluated, and the data related to the variables were extracted. The variables included gender, cleft type, the location of residency, medications during pregnancy, folic acid supplementation in the first trimester of pregnancy, family history and parental consanguinity. Afterwards, data were collected and analysed using SPSS software Version 16.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
The registered files of the patients were carefully evaluated, and the data related to the variables were extracted. The variables included gender, cleft type, the location of residency, medications during pregnancy, folic acid supplementation in the first trimester of pregnancy, family history and parental consanguinity. Afterwards, data were collected and analysed using SPSS software Version 16.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
8
Statistical Analysis of Stent Factors
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Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 16.0 for windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The chi-square test was used to compare categorical data between groups. The ANOVA test was used to compare numerical data between the four groups and the post hoc Dunnett’s t-test to compare all other groups against the control group. As a measure of association between USSQ domains score and various stent factors (JJ stent length, diameter and midline crossing), Spearman’s rho nonparametric correlation was done. The Student’s t-test was used when appropriate. All statistical tests are two-sided and a P < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
9
Predictors of Dental Caries in 3-Year-Olds
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The group comparisons were performed with the χ2 test for categorical variables. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine how lifestyle and other factors contribute to the incidence of dental caries among subjects at age 3. The subjects were divided into a dichotomous dependent variable (0 = dental caries absent; 1 = dental caries present). The birth order, breastfeeding status, presence of family members who smoke, tooth brushing, child’s bedtime, varnish of fluoride, daily frequency of sweet snack intake, daily sugar-sweetened beverages consumption were defined as independent variables. The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The OR was adjusted for nationality, gender, birth order, and Cariostat score. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS software version 16.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
10
Randomized Cardiac Resuscitation Evaluation
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The study data were analyzed using the SPSS software version 16.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Demographic and baseline characteristics were summarized as a mean ± standard deviation for continuous variables and as a percentage of the group for categorical variables. Nonnormally distributed data are presented as medians (interquartile range). The normality analysis was performed with the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test.
Since we have randomized participants into three independent groups (scenario a-c) and data were not normally distributed, changes in mean chest compression rate, compressions with adequate rate (%), mean chest compression depth, and recoil (%) were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis with Bonferroni correction (P < 0.017).
Furthermore, the paired sample t-test was used to compare the measurements at two time points (initial assessment and 3rd month assessment). P < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.
In addition, a sample size of 137 participants was calculated to detect a chest compression depth of 5 mm with a two-sided alpha value of 0.05 and a statistical power of 0.9.
Since we have randomized participants into three independent groups (scenario a-c) and data were not normally distributed, changes in mean chest compression rate, compressions with adequate rate (%), mean chest compression depth, and recoil (%) were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis with Bonferroni correction (P < 0.017).
Furthermore, the paired sample t-test was used to compare the measurements at two time points (initial assessment and 3rd month assessment). P < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.
In addition, a sample size of 137 participants was calculated to detect a chest compression depth of 5 mm with a two-sided alpha value of 0.05 and a statistical power of 0.9.
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