Miniscope tm3000

To investigate the interactions between jute fibers and CaCO₃, equal concentrations (0.5 mol/L) of CaCl₂ and urea solutions were used for the precipitation test in test tubes with and without fiber. The total volume of the mixers was adjusted up to 10 mL using distilled water, samples were kept in the shaker for 48 h at 30 °C, and the rpm was kept at 160. The testing conditions are shown in Table 2 and Table 3, showing the fiber content and length, respectively. After 48 h, the resulting mixture was centrifuged to collect the crystal precipitate and the supernatant of solutions from the tube was removed separately using filter paper (Whatman filter paper, 11 μm (Global Life Sciences Technologies Ltd., Tokyo, Japan)). Both the filter papers and the tubes with the precipitate were oven-dried for 24 h at 110 °C, then subsequently the dry weights of the crystals were measured. The weight of the precipitated crystal was determined by contrasting the empty weight of the tube from the dry weight of the tube and the filter paper’s dry weight. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM; MiniscopeTM3000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan), the morphologies of crystals and jute fibers were analyzed. All the experiments were done in triplicate, and the mean value was plotted accordingly. Standard deviation was used to represent the error bars.

AZ31 disks of 15 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness were cut from extruded rods (Osaka Fuji Co., Amagasaki, Japan). The composition of the AZ31 rod is shown in Table 1. The surface of disks was ground with SiC papers (Buehler, IL, USA) up to #1200 and rinsed ultrasonically in acetone. Mechanically ground AZ31 disks were named Mpol-AZ31.
Coating treatment solutions were prepared with 500 mmol l⁻¹ ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) calcium disodium salt hydrate (C₁₀H₁₂CaN₂Na₂O₈, Ca-EDTA) solution, 500 mmol l⁻¹ potassium dihydrogenphosphate (KH₂PO₄) solution, and 1 mol l⁻¹ sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The same volumes of the Ca-EDTA and KH₂PO₄ solutions were mixed and the pH was adjusted to 6.1 or 8.9 with the NaOH solution. Mpol-AZ31 disks were immersed in the treatment solutions at 90°C for 2 h. The pH of the solutions did not change after the treatment. OCP and HAp coatings were formed at pH 6.1 and 8.9, respectively. OCP- and HAp-coated AZ31 specimens were named OCP- and HAp-AZ31, respectively. The crystal structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) (RINT Ultima III, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan). The surface and cross-sectional morphology of the coatings was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM; FEI Quanta FEG250, OR, USA and Miniscope TM3000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Cross-section specimens were prepared by scraping off the OCP and HAp coatings with a cutter.

In the vegetative phase, NAA and DEX treatments of _proMpIAA:MpIAA^mDII-GR plants were performed by growing on half-strength Gamborg’s B5 medium [81 (link)] containing 10 μM NAA and/or 10 μM DEX. In the reproductive phase, DEX treatment was performed by spraying 10 μM DEX solution every 1 or 2 days. For scanning electron microscopy, plant samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen and directly observed on a Miniscope TM3000 (HITACHI, Japan). Measurement of size and aspect ratio of epidermal cells, and curvature of gametangiophores were performed using ImageJ (http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/) from SEM and photographic images, respectively.

The chemical components of the sand columns were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD; MiniFlex, Rigaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) analysis for the ground samples under Ni-filtered Cu 1.5406 Å radiation at a rate of 6.5° 2θ/min ranging from 5° to 70° 2θ. Qualitative mineralogy of the samples was determined with the standard interpretation procedures of XRD using a software for phase identification from powder diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Miniscope TM3000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) was used to investigate the morphologies of the precipitated crystals inside of the sand columns.

The sintered composites were machined into a disc shape with a size of Φ15 × t2 (mm). The machined samples were ground using SiC papers up to 4000 grit, ultrasonically cleaned with ethanol, and then dried in air. Treatment solution for HAp coatings was prepared from ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid calcium disodium salt hydrate (C₁₀H₁₂CaN₂Na₂O₈, Ca-EDTA) solution with the concentration of 0.5 mol/L and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄) solution with the concentration of 0.5 mol/L, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution was used for pH adjustment. The pH of the treatment solution was adjusted to 7.5. The discs were immersed in the treatment solution at 90 °C for 2 h for HAp coating.
The coated samples were then characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) (RINT2100, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Miniscope TM3000, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) to evaluate the growth of HAp coating layer.

The footpad morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fly legs were fixed with 3.7% formaldehyde, washed in distilled water, and serially dehydrated with ethanol. After dehydration, ethanol was replaced with tert-butyl alcohol. The samples were then frozen at 4 °C and further dehydrated by freeze–drying (VFD-21S, Vacuum Device Inc). Specimens were then subjected to gold coating by an ion coater (Neo coater MP-19010 NCTR, JEOL), and observed with SEM (TM3000 Miniscope, Hitachi).
Legs were dissected from the body using fine scissors and prefixed overnight in 2% glutaraldehyde and 2% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2), following three washes for 10 min each in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer. Then, the specimens were postfixed for 2 h in 1% OsO₄ in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer at room temperature. Dehydration through a graded ethanol series and substitution for propylene oxide were followed by embedding in Araldite and Quetol 812 resin (Nissin EM, Japan) mixture. Ultrathin sections were cut with an ultramicrotome (UCT; Leica, Germany) and stained with 2% uranyl acetate for 5 min and then in a lead-staining solution (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) for 3 min. The sections were observed by TEM (JEM-1220; JEOL, Japan), and the digital images were obtained with an attached cooled CCD camera (Gatan, USA).