2.5–3.0 month-old male Lewis (LEW/SsNHsd) inbred rats (Envigo Ltd, Rehovot, Israel) were used in all experiments. The experiments were approved by the Tel Aviv University Animal Care and Use Committee. The rats were maintained on a regular 12-hr dark/light cycle with access to food and water ad libitum. Standard chow diet was from Envigo Ltd. The animals were divided into three groups, as follows: 1) intact rats (N = 9); 2) rats exposed to icv-STZ and two months later to subarachnoid grafting of pancreatic islets suspended in the vehicle (STZ-islets rats) (N = 7); and 3) rats exposed to icv administration of streptozotocin (icv-STZ) and two months later to subarachnoid administration of a vehicle (Hank's Balanced Salt Solution, HBSS) only (STZ-sham rats) (N = 4). Two and six months after the islet grafting, cognitive functioning was studied by Morris water maze (MWM) test. At the end of experiments, overdose of carbon dioxide was used for euthanasia. The brains were removed and analyzed by histological and biochemical methods. In all assays, the assessors were blind to the group status (experimental versus control) of the rats.
Standard chow diet
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Standard chow diet is a nutritionally complete and balanced feed for laboratory rodents. It provides essential nutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals, to support the general health and well-being of research animals.
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6 protocols using standard chow diet
1
Cognitive Evaluation of Islet Grafting in Streptozotocin-Induced Rat Model
2
Social Behavior Exploration in Mice
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The research subjects were naive male and female adult (8–12 weeks old) mice of three distinct laboratory strains: C57BL/6J, BALB/c, and ICR (CD-1) and adult male mice generated by crossing C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice (BC and CB mice). The social stimuli were C57BL/6J, BALB/c, and ICR (CD-1) juvenile (21–30 day-old) naive male and female mice (SP, SNP), and C57BL/6J, BALB/c, and ICR (CD-1) adult (8–12 weeks old) naive male and female mice (SxP). For testing BC and CB mice, the stimuli were also BC and CB juvenile (SP and SNP) or adult (SxP) male and female mice, as described above. Adult and juvenile C57BL/6J, BALB/c, and ICR mice were commercially obtained (Envigo, Rehovot, Israel) and housed in Plexiglas cages in groups of 2–5 animals per cage. They were kept at 22 ± 2°C under a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle, with lights being turned on at 7 p.m. each night. All animals had ad libitum access to food (standard chow diet; Envigo, Rehovot, Israel) and water. Behavioral experiments were performed during the dark phase, under dim red light. All experiments were performed according to the National Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of laboratory animals and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the University of Haifa.
3
Dietary DMB Supplementation in Mice
4
Liver-specific Ptg Overexpression HFD Mouse Model
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Animals and diets All procedures were approved by the Barcelona Science Park Animal Experimentation Committee and carried out in accordance with the European Community Council Directive and the National Institute of Health guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. Mice that overexpress Ptg (also known as Ppp1r3c) in the liver (Ptg OE ) were generated as previously described [23] . Male Ptg OE and control mice were housed with free access to water and a standard chow diet (Envigo, Indianapolis, IN, USA) before surgery. Starting 1 week after surgery, mice were fed a HFD (45% fat content; D12451 Formula, Research Diets, New Brunswick, NJ, USA) for 10 weeks.
5
Genetic Manipulation of C57BL6J Mice
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All animal experiments were pre-approved by the Cleveland Clinic IACUC and the Cleveland State University IACUC. WT C57BL6J were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and C57BL6J-GsdmD−/− mice were described before.26 (link),47 (link) Mice were maintained in a temperature-controlled facility with a 12-h light/dark cycle with free access to food and water. The standard chow diet (SD, 20% kcal protein, 70% kcal carbohydrate and 10% kcal fat, Harlan Teklad) was used for regular maintenance and breeding.
6
Metabolic Phenotyping of NAMPT Transgenic Mice
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Twelve male [C57BL/6J-Tg(Mck-NAMPT)Pbef2Srs] NAMPT transgenic (Costford et al., 2017 (link)) (NamptTg) and 12 C57BL/6J WT mice were fed a standard chow diet (2016, Harlan Teklad, Indianapolis, IN, United States) for 10 weeks from weaning. All mice were individually caged and maintained at 22–24°C with light from 7:00 am to 7:00 pm. Lights were equipped with a dimmer such that a gradual increase/decrease in light occurred 30 min prior to lights being fully on/off. Experiments were performed at the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute in Orlando, FL, United States. All animal studies and procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute.
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