Spss package version 15

The results are mean ± standard deviation for statistics; we used the SPSS package version 15 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Paired t-test was analysed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Statistical analyses were performed by using the SPSS package, version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Normality distributions and variance homogeneity of the median value score for each set were checked by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Levene tests, respectively. As all data were normally distributed, parametric tests were used throughout. In Experiment 1, discriminant analysis was performed with the linear stepwise procedure to identify the most useful parameters for the classification of SX and SY spermatozoa. Variables were added one by one to the discriminating functions until the addition of a new variable did not give a better discrimination. Wilk's lambda was used to compare the fraction of the total dispersion of data not accounted for. Both in Experiments 1 and 2, differences in sperm nuclear morphometric parameters between groups were examined through analysis of variance (ANOVA) by using generalized linear models. The values obtained were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (s.e.m.). The statistical level of significance was set at P < 0.05.

Completed questionnaires were collected on the same day and prospectively analyzed. The present study conducted descriptive statistical analysis. Number and percentages were used to compute results on categorical measurements. Results were statistically analyzed using SPSS package version 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find the significance of study parameters between three or more groups of study participants, Student's t-test (two-tailed, independent) was used to find the significance of study parameters on continuous scale between two groups (inter-group analysis).

The present study conducted descriptive statistical analysis. Number and percentages were used to compute results on categorical measurements. Results were statistically analyzed using SPSS package version 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was employed to find the significance of study parameters between three or more groups of participants and Student's t-test was used to find significance between two groups. The significance was set at <0.05.

The data was first transferred to Microsoft Excel. For data analyses, each positive response was given a score ‘1’ and each negative response was assigned a score ‘0’. Results were statistically analyzed using SPSS package version 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA) in terms of percentages. However, no attempt was made to correlate the findings with one another in terms of descriptive statistics and using other statistical tests.

A descriptive statistical analysis was performed. The number and percentages were used to compute results on categorical measurements. The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS package version 15.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Analysis of variance was employed to find the significance of study parameters between three or more groups of participants, and Student's t-test was used to find significance between the two groups. The significance was set at <0.05.