1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy was conducted with a Bruker Avance 400 MHz NMR spectrometer using tetramethylsilane (TMS; δ = 0 ppm) as the internal standard. Fluorescence spectroscopy was performed on a Hitachi F-7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer with a Xe lamp as the excitation source. ESI-MS spectra were recorded with a Thermo TSQ QUANTUM ULTRA EMR system. Dynamic laser scattering (DLS) measurements were performed on a commercial laser light scattering instrument (Malvern ZEN3690, Malvern Instruments) at 25 °C.
Malvern zen3690
Manufactured by Malvern Panalytical
Sourced in United Kingdom
The Malvern ZEN3690 is a particle size analyzer that uses dynamic light scattering (DLS) technology to measure the size distribution of particles in a sample. The instrument is designed to analyze particles in the size range of 0.3 nanometers to 10 micrometers.
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4 protocols using malvern zen3690
1
Spectroscopic Characterization Techniques
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1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy was conducted with a Bruker Avance 400 MHz NMR spectrometer using tetramethylsilane (TMS; δ = 0 ppm) as the internal standard. Fluorescence spectroscopy was performed on a Hitachi F-7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer with a Xe lamp as the excitation source. ESI-MS spectra were recorded with a Thermo TSQ QUANTUM ULTRA EMR system. Dynamic laser scattering (DLS) measurements were performed on a commercial laser light scattering instrument (Malvern ZEN3690, Malvern Instruments) at 25 °C.
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1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy was conducted with a Bruker Avance 400 MHz NMR spectrometer using tetramethylsilane (TMS; δ = 0 ppm) as the internal standard. Fluorescence spectroscopy was performed on a Hitachi F-7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer with a Xe lamp as the excitation source. ESI-MS spectra were recorded with a Thermo TSQ QUANTUM ULTRA EMR system. Dynamic laser scattering (DLS) measurements were performed on a commercial laser light scattering instrument (Malvern ZEN3690, Malvern Instruments) at 25 °C.
2
GNPs Dispersion Size and PDI Measurement
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Before the determination, the GNPs dispersions were diluted to a concentration of 0.01 wt% with de-ionized water, then particles size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the diluted GNPs dispersion liquid were measured using a Malvern ZEN3690 (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK). All measurements were carried out at 25 °C and performed in triplicate for each value.
3
Nanogel Characterization and Thermal Analysis
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Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded on a Varian Mercury-400 NMR spectrometer (400 MHz) in D2O using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as a reference. The particle sizes and zeta potentials of complexes at weight ratio 10 were determined using a commercial laser light scattering instrument (Malvern ZEN3690, Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Cambridge, UK) at room temperature. The hydrodynamic diameter of nanogels was measured from 25–80 °C with 2 °C intervals [45 (link)]. The morphologies of nanogels were characterized through atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging (Dimension 3100 Nanoscope V, Veeco, Plainview, NY, USA). DNP cantilevers (k = 0.24 N/m) were operated in the air using contact mode.
4
Characterization of Liposomal siRNA Delivery
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The liposomes were characterised by determining the phospholipid content using the phosphorus assay to calculate the TL, and by measuring the concentration of conjugated antibodies using the Peterson-Lowry assay with mouse IgG as a standard (Bottcher Citation1961, Peterson Citation1977). The siRNA content was measured in the presence or absence of 1% (v/v) Triton X-100 in samples using Quant-iT ™ Ribo-Green® assay (Invitrogen, Breda, The Netherlands) in compliance to the protocol of the manufacturer. Based on these assays, siRNA encapsulation efficiency and the amount of encapsulated siRNA per TL were calculated. The amount of anti-VCAM-1 antibodies coupled per liposome was calculated according to the method described by Niwa et al (Niwa et al. Citation2018) . Particle size and Polydispersity Index (PDI) of liposomes were measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS) in the volume weighing mode (NICOMP 380 ZLS Particle Sizer, Santa Barbara, USA) (He et al. Citation2022). Zeta potential measurement was measured on a Malvern ZEN3690 (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK).
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