Four CT scanners including a 4-MDCT, a 6-MDCT, a 16-MDCT, and a 64-MDCT were investigated in the present study. All CT scanners used in this study were manufactured by Siemens HealthCare (namely Somatom Sensation 4, Somatom Emotion 6, Somatom Emotion 16, and Somatom Sensation 64). The scanners’ specifications are presented in Table 1 .
Somatom sensation 4
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The Somatom Sensation 4 is a computed tomography (CT) scanner developed by Siemens. It is designed to capture high-quality images of the human body. The device utilizes advanced imaging technology to produce detailed scans that can be used for diagnostic purposes.
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7 protocols using somatom sensation 4
1
Comparative Performance of CT Scanners
2
CBCT and CT Imaging Protocols
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According to the clinic’s routine, which are following the “ALARA” (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle, either a CBCT or a CT was performed. Specifically, if both MTM were indicated for 3D imaging, a standard dental CT protocol was performed [26 (link)] (Somatom Sensation 4, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany; 80 mAs, 120 kV, slice thickness: 0.5 mm, FOV: 100–120 mm, table feed: 1 mm, convolution kernel: U70u), while in cases of a single MTM, a CBCT scan was recorded (3D Accuitomo XYZ Slice View Tomograph, J. Morita Mfg. Corp., Kyoto, Japan; FOV: 40 mm, slice thickness: 0.25 mm). Axial slices from the CT scans were transformed to orthoradial multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) using a semi-automatic line drawn within the center of the jaw by 2 radiologic technologists, who have both > 20 years of experience. The horizontal plane on sagittal MPR was tilted according to Down’s mandibular plane (a tangent through the gonial angle and the lowest point of the symphysis).
3
Thoracic CT Angiography Measurement Protocol
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A thoracic CT scan was performed using a 4-detector multislice CT scanner (SOMATOM Sensation 4, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) by injecting contrast agents intravenously while the patient held her breath. Scanning began 20 seconds after the start of contrast material injection. The non-ionic contrast material (Ultravist 300, Schering, Berlin, Germany) at an average volume of 100 mL and concentration of 300 mg I/100 mL) was administered by a power injector at a rate of 3 mL/second via an 18-gauge plastic angiocatheter inserted into the cubital vein. Imaging parameters were 120 kV and 152 mA, with 0.5 second rotation time, 4×2 mm collimation, and 5 mm slice thickness. Data were transferred to a network computer workstation (Leonardo; Siemens Medical Systems, Germany) and diameters were measured using a window level of 400 HU, with the center at 60 HU. The widest diameter perpendicular to the long axis of the main pulmonary artery was measured with computer calipers at the level of the pulmonary artery bifurcation by mediastinal window (Figure 1 ).
4
Thoracic Spine Imaging via CT Scans
5
Temporal Bone Pyramid Imaging Protocol
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The pyramid of the temporal bone was examined on a 4 slice Somatom Sensation 4 CT scanner (Siemens, Germany) and a 64 slice Somatom Definition AS CT scanner (Siemens, Germany) in axial projection with a tomographic layer thickness of 1 mm, a table advance step of 1 mm, a reconstruction increment of 1 mm (InnerEarSpi program Version A40, Siemens, Germany), a voltage of 120 kV, and a current of 70 mA. During visualization of the structures of the pyramid of the temporal bone, 2D images were used, both in the native axial planes and in the MPR reformation mode using a “bone” filter with a window width of 4000 μN and a window level of +700 μN. In addition, radiographic classifications of temporal bone anomalies were used [7 (link),8 (link),9 (link),10 (link)].
6
Breast Radiotherapy Delineation Protocols
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Thirty patient data sets were retrospectively evaluated for this study. These patients previously underwent breast radiotherapy between April 2010 and May 2011. Patients were treated in the supine position (14 left sided and 16 right sided) after breast conservation surgery. Patients were selected consecutively until 30 cases were accrued. Approval for the study was granted by South Western Sydney Human Research Ethics Committee in August 2011, and the study was conducted from September 2011 to February 2012.
The treatment planning CT data sets were acquired on a Siemens Somatom Sensation 4 (Siemens Medical Solutions, Germany) with 0.25 cm slice thickness. Delineation of the breasts, heart, lungs and spinal cord was completed by a senior radiation therapist with Focal v4.40 (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) and checked by a radiation oncologist. All delineation was completed according to the predetermined breast and heart delineation protocols.20 (link),21 (link)
The treatment planning CT data sets were acquired on a Siemens Somatom Sensation 4 (Siemens Medical Solutions, Germany) with 0.25 cm slice thickness. Delineation of the breasts, heart, lungs and spinal cord was completed by a senior radiation therapist with Focal v4.40 (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden) and checked by a radiation oncologist. All delineation was completed according to the predetermined breast and heart delineation protocols.20 (link),21 (link)
7
Coronary and Lumbar Spine CT Imaging
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