Echinacoside

The standard substance such as acteoside, isoacteoside, echinacoside, cistanoside A, and 2′- acetylacteoside were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China). Cistanoside F, cistanoside C, osmanthuside B, and tubuloside B were purchased from Chengdu Pfeide Biotechnology Co. Ltd (Chengdu, China). The purity of all standards was no less than 98%. HPLC grade methanol and acetonitrile was purchased from Aladdin Chemistry Inc. (Shanghai, China). Deionized water was obtained using a MilliQ50 SP Reagent Water System (Bedford, MA, USA) for preparing samples and mobile solution. All other organic solvents used in this study were of analytical grade and purchased from Shanghai Chemical Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China).

GAPT, a patented Chinese herbal compound (Patent NO. ZL200810006733.0), was purchased from Henan Wanxi Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Batch No: 20010923). A concentration of 30 mg/ml GAPT was configured with 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Hydrochloric acid donepezil tablets were purchased from Eisai Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Batch No. 140635), and a concentration of 0.092 mg/ml donepezil was configured with 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Scopolamine was purchased from Harvest Pharmaceutical Company Limited (Batch No. 02161001, Shanghai, China) and configured to 3 mg/kg for intraperitoneal injection. The reference standards of verbascoside (no. 2659/20556), ginsenoside Rb1 (no. 2326/13523), and ginsenoside Re (no. 2070/9407) were obtained from Shanghai Standard Biotech Co., Ltd. Tenuifolin (no. 141205) was obtained from Chengdu Pufei De Biotech Co., Ltd). Salvianolic acid A (no. MUST‐14040401), Salvianolic acid B (no. MUST‐13103113), and ginsenoside Rg2 (no. MUST‐13062113) were obtained from Chengdu Manster Biotech Co., Ltd. Echinacoside (no. B21209), Curcumin (no. B20614), Pachymic acid (no. B20400), and beta asarone (no. B30631) was obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Bio‐Technology Co., Ltd.