Waterpro bt purification system

Potassium formate (KOFm, ≥98%) was purchased from BeanTown Chemical (Hudson, NH, USA). Potassium acetate (KOAc, ≥99.0%), potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄, 5% (w/v)) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃, 1 M) were purchased from British Drug Houses (Poole, UK). Sodium formate (NaOFm, ≥99%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). Sodium acetate (NaOAc, ≥99%) was purchased from ACS Chemical Inc. (Point Pleasant, NJ, USA). Ethanol (EtOH, ≥99%), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, n = 13) and (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride solution (APTA, 75 wt.% in water) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals (St. Louis, MS, USA). Moreover, 1-Hydroxyl-cyclohexyl phenyl ketone (HCPK, photoinitiator) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Selemion^® AMVN (AMVN) was purchased from AGC Engineering Co. (Tokyo, Japan); see Figure 2C for the schematic. All water used in this investigation was Type-1 deionized water produced by a Waterpro BT Purification System from Labconco^® (18.2 mΩ·cm at 25 °C, 1.2 ppb TOC) (Kansas City, MO, USA).

Phenyl acrylate (PA, 97%) was purchased from Ambeed, Inc. (Arlington Heights, IL, USA). N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA, >98%) and nickel chloride (NiCl₂) were purchased from TCI (Tokyo, Japan). 2, 2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN, 98%) and sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals (St. Louis, MS, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, ≥99.9%) was purchased from Macron Fine Chemicals (Radnor, PA, USA). Lithium chloride (LiCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl₂), and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) were purchased from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Type-1 deionized water (DI water) was produced by a Waterpro BT Purification System from Labconco^® (18.2 mΩ·cm at 25 °C, 1.2 ppb TOC) (Kansas City, MO, USA).

Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, n = 13, Mn = 700) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals (St. Louis, MS, USA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA, n = 9, Mn = 500) was purchased from Polysciences Inc. (Warrington, PA, USA). 1-Hydroxyl-cyclohexyl phenyl ketone (HCPK, photoinitiator) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Methanol (99.8%) and ethanol were purchased from British Drug House (BDH^®) Chemicals (Poole, UK), and sodium acetate and sodium formate were purchased from ACS Chemical Inc. (Point Pleasant, NJ, USA). Type-1 deionized water produced by a Waterpro BT Purification System from Labconco^® (18.2 mΩ cm at 25 °C, 1.2 ppb TOC) (Kansas City, MO, USA) has been used in this work. Polymer films were prepared by UV photopolymerization of pre −polymerization mixtures containing, PEGDA, PEGMA, water, and photoinitiator between quartz plates separated using spacers by 305 μm. The complete experimental details for film formation, and physiochemical property characterization, including water uptake, water volume fraction, dimensional swelling, glass transition temperature (T_g), and storage modulus (E’) are provided in the Supporting Materials.