Igor pro version 5.04b

AFM Imaging was done as described previously13 (link) except for the AFM images of Fig. 2b (wt Redβ, C3Redβ, N1Redβ), which were recorded dry using an Agilent 5100 AFM and HQ:NSC18/Al BS cantilevers (MikroMasch) in intermittent contact mode. All data analysis and data fitting was done in IGOR Pro version 5.04B (WaveMetrics Inc.). The refined models (Fig. 2D) were generated employing computer-aided design (CAD) construction software SolidWorks 2005 SPO.0 (SolidWorks Corporation) and by the support of Quindium GmbH & Co. KG.

Mass spectra were acquired and calibrated using IonSpec Omega version 8.0 (Varian). Calibration was done internally, with less than 5 ppm mass error. Oligosaccharides were identified in the first pass using an in-house program called Glycan Finder written in Igor Pro version 5.04B (Wavemetrics), using exact masses with a tolerance of 10 ppm. A biological filter was then applied following Cooper’s method [45 (link)], as explained in our previous work [46 (link), 47 ]. One-way analysis of variance of the glycan intensities was then performed to compare between time points and groups. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. The Dixon’s Q-test was used to determine outliers.