Tskgel

Manufactured by Tosoh

Sourced in Japan

TSKgel is a line of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) columns manufactured by Tosoh. These columns are designed for the separation and analysis of various molecules, including proteins, peptides, and small organic compounds. The core function of TSKgel columns is to provide efficient and reproducible chromatographic separations.

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Lab products found in correlation

Nupage 4 12 bis tris, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Mabselect sure, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions) Expicho cells, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Ri 1530, by Jasco (1 mentions) Dmso d6, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Atr pro450 s, by Jasco (1 mentions) Vhx 6000 microscope, by Keyence (1 mentions) Jnm eca 500 spectrometer, by JEOL (1 mentions) Hlc 8220, by Tosoh (1 mentions) Jnm ecz400, by JEOL (1 mentions) Empower 3, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Alliance 2695 hplc system, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Apex qe, by Bruker (1 mentions) Ods 120t column, by Tosoh (1 mentions) Breeze hplc system, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Kappaselect, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)

10 protocols using tskgel

Characterization of Polymer Materials

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¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement was conducted with a Bruker Avance III 500 MHz spectrometer (Bruker Biospin, Rheinstetten, Germany) in DMSO-d₆ (Sigma-Aldrich). Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis was conducted by using a JASCO RI-1530 detector containing two connected TSK-GEL, α-4000 and α-2500 gel columns (Tosoh Corp. Tokyo, Japan) with DMSO (10 mM LiBr) as an eluent at 37 °C.
The Vickers hardness was measured by using PMT-X7A (Matsuzawa Co., Akita, Japan). In particular, a diamond indenter was loaded (F = 5 gf) onto the sample for 30 s, and the crack image was analyzed to measure longitudinal and transverse axes of the indent (d₁ and d₂). Vickers hardness was calculated by means of the equation VH = 2 × F × sin(θ/2)/d², with d = (d₁ + d₂)/2, where θ is the angle of the cross axes of the diamond indenter.

Seo J.H., Nakagawa S., Hirata K, & Yui N. (2014). Synthesis of a resin monomer-soluble polyrotaxane crosslinker containing cleavable end groups. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry, 10, 2623-2629.

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Comprehensive Characterization of Fabricated Objects

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Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR) spectra were acquired using a JNM-ECA500 spectrometer (500 MHz NMR, JEOL RESONANCE Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was employed to determine the average molar mass using a Prominence Nano system (Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) equipped with UV (SPD-20A) and refractive index detectors (RID-20A) and two columns (7.8 mm × 30 cm, 8 µm, G4000H and G3000H, TSKgel, Tosoh Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) was performed using an SPA400 (Seiko Instrument Inc., Chiba, Japan) apparatus, and the SPM phase-difference images were analyzed using the Gwyddion 2.58 instrument. The 3D models were observed using a VHX6000 microscope (Keyence Corp., Osaka, Japan). The width and length were measured from a top-view photograph of the fabricated object observed under the microscope. The height was measured from the side-view photograph of the fabricated object. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) data were acquired using an FT-IR6200 instrument equipped with an ATR PRO450-S (JASCO Corp., Tokyo, Japan).

Mukai M., Sato M., Miyadai W, & Maruo S. (2023). On-Demand Tunability of Microphase Separation Structure of 3D Printing Material by Reversible Addition/Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization. Polymers, 15(17), 3519.

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Molecular Weight Assessment of SGP

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The MW of SGP was assessed through a modified approach based on the work of Srimongkol et al. [28 (link)], using GPC (gel-permeation chromatography) (Waters, USA) with a 2414 RI detector and four PWXL columns of TSK-gel (TOSOH, Japan) connected in series. The purified SGP (2 mg/mL) was initially filtered via 0.2 μm nylon filter, whereupon the sample solutions (20 μL) and standards were independently injected prior to elution using HPLC grade water at a flow rate of 1 mL/min at a steady 40 °C. Various MW pullulans ranging from 6 kDa to 805 kDa acted as the standard, with 12 kDa Dextan obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, Missouri, USA) enabling the system accuracy to be verified on a daily basis.

Tesvichian S., Sangtanoo P., Srimongkol P., Saisavoey T., Buakeaw A., Puthong S., Thitiprasert S., Mekboonsonglarp W., Liangsakul J., Sopon A., Prawatborisut M., Reamtong O, & Karnchanatat A. (2024). Sulfated polysaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera: Optimizing the process of extraction, structural characteristics, antioxidant capabilities, and anti-glycation properties. Heliyon, 10(2), e24444.

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Characterization of Water-Dispersed Biodegradable PU

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The viscosity, average particle size, solid content, and molecular weight of water-dispersed biodegradable PU samples were determined. Namely, the viscosity was measured by a single cylindrical rotational viscometer, Bismetron (Shibaura System Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), under conditions of 50% relative humidity at 25 °C. The average particle size was measured by a light scattering photometer, ELSZ-2000 (Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) under conditions of 50% relative humidity at 25 °C, and the data were analyzed by cumulant method. The concentration of the aqueous solution was 1.7 wt%. The solid content was obtained from the difference in weight before and after drying. The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography, HLC-8220 (Tosoh Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) using column TSK gel (Tosoh Co., Ltd., Tokyo Japan). The interpretation of the results was based on the conventional calibration of columns with polystyrene standards.

Tanaka T., Ibe Y., Jono T., Tanaka R., Naito A, & Asakura T. (2021). Characterization of a Water-Dispersed Biodegradable Polyurethane-Silk Composite Sponge Using 13C Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance as Coating Material for Silk Vascular Grafts with Small Diameters. Molecules, 26(15), 4649.

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Characterization of PDEA Polymers

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The weight-averaged molecular weight (M w ) and the polydispersity (M w /M n ) of the PDEA samples were evaluated using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) (Shimadzu system) equipped with a GPC K-806M column (Shodex). DMF (LiBr 10 mM) was used as an eluent with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min -1 at 40 °C. SEC chromatograms were calibrated using standard polystyrene samples (Tosoh Co., TSKgel). The concentration of the sample solutions was 10 mg mL -1 . 1 H NMR spectra were recorded on a JEOL JNM-ECZ400S (400 MHz) in DMSO-d 6 at 130 °C to determine the tacticity of the samples (meso-diad content). The cloud point (T c ) of the sample solutions was determined on the basis of the temperature dependence of the optical transmittance. 40 Temperature-variable dynamic light scattering (DLS) by the sample solutions (0.10 wt%) was measured using an ELSZ-2000ZS (Otsuka Electronics Co.). The sample solutions were filtered (Advantec, 13CP045AS, pore size: 0.45 μm) before the DLS experiments.
The data were analyzed by the CONTIN algorithm.

Matsumoto M., Tada T., Asoh T.A., Shoji T., Nishiyama T., Horibe H., Katsumoto Y, & Tsuboi Y. (2018). Dynamics of the Phase Separation in a Thermoresponsive Polymer: Accelerated Phase Separation of Stereocontrolled Poly( N, N-diethylacrylamide) in Water. Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids, 34(45).

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Comprehensive Anion-Exchange Column Evaluation

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A Waters (Milford, MA, USA) 2695 Alliance HPLC system equipped with a Waters 430 conductivity detector, Waters 2487 spectrophotometric detector connected via Waters Bus SAT/IN interface (Milford, USA) was used. Chromatographic data collection and processing were performed using the Waters Empower 3 software.
A set of analytical size anion-exchange columns including IonPac AS, (Thermo Fisher Scientific formerly Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), Metrosep (Metrohm AG, Herisau, Switzerland), PRP (Hamilton, Reno, Nevada, USA), Separon (Tessek Ltd., Prague, Czechoslovakia), Transgenomic (San Jose, Torrance, CA, USA, formerly Sarasep, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and TSK-Gel (Tosoh, Tokyo, Japan) was used in this study. Additionally, four IC pre-columns IonPac AG type and two mixed-mode OmniPac and Proswift columns were used (all from Thermo Fisher Scientific). Characteristics of these columns were collected from various literature sources and are summarized in Table 2.

Nesterenko P.N, & Nesterenko E.P. (2021). Hydrophobicity of polymer based anion-exchange columns for ion chromatography. Heliyon, 7(6), e07290.

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HPLC Purification of Phenylboronic Acid Derivatives

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The crude products (QAS-phenylboronic acid derivatives) were analyzed using a Thermo Separation HPLC system with a UV detection (210 nm) on a Vydac Protein RP C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm), with a gradient elution of 0%–80% B in A (A = 0.1% TFA in water; B = 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile/H₂O, 4:1) for 40 min (flow rate 1 mL/min). The main reaction product was purified by a preparative reversed-phase HPLC on a Tosoh (Tosoh Tokyo, Japan) TSKgel with an ODS-120 T column (21.5 mm × 300 mm), using a linear gradient 10%–20% of B for 40 min (PhB-K(QAS)-NH₂) and 2%–12% of B for 40 min (PhB(QAS)-GGG-NH₂), flow rate 7.0 mL/min, UV detection at 220 nm. The fractions were collected and lyophilized. The identities of the products were confirmed by MS analysis using Bruker Apex-Qe (Bremen, Germany) Ultra 7 T FT-ICR mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source.

Kijewska M., Kuc A., Kluczyk A., Waliczek M., Man-Kupisinska A., Lukasiewicz J., Stefanowicz P, & Szewczuk Z. (2014). Selective Detection of Carbohydrates and Their Peptide Conjugates by ESI-MS Using Synthetic Quaternary Ammonium Salt Derivatives of Phenylboronic Acids. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 25(6), 966-976.

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Molecular Weight Determination of Polysaccharides

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The molecular weights of HWP_GLR and HWP_GLRF were determined by using a Breeze HPLC system (Waters Co., Milford, MA) equipped with a 10 μl loop, a G4000PW_XL size exclusion column (7.8 × 300 mm, TSK-GEL, Tosoh Corp., Tokyo, Japan) at 55 °C, and a RI detector (oven, 50 °C). An aliquot of 10-μl (10 μg/μl) sample solution was injected and eluted with 0.1 M NaN₃ aqueous solution (Karnjanapratum et al. 2012 (link)) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The calibration curve was prepared from dextran standards (1400, 670, 270, 50, 12 and 5 kDa).

Liu Y.H., Lin Y.S., Lin K.L., Lu Y.L., Chen C.H., Chien M.Y., Shang H.F., Lin S.Y, & Hou W.C. (2015). Effects of hot-water extracts from Ganoderma lucidum residues and solid-state fermentation residues on prebiotic and immune-stimulatory activities in vitro and the powdered residues used as broiler feed additives in vivo. Botanical Studies, 56, 17.

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Generation of 4D9 Fab Antibody Fragment

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To generate a monovalent 4D9 Fab antibody fragment, the heavy chain expression vector was modified to include only the VH‐CH1 domains as a Fab‐heavy chain expression vector. ExpiCHO cells (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA) were transfected with the antibody expression plasmids. The culture medium containing the expressed recombinant antibody or Fab antibody fragment was harvested 5 days after transfection. The recombinant mouse–human chimeric IgG antibody was purified by MabSelect SuRe (GE Life Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA). The recombinant Fab antibody fragment was purified by KappaSelect (GE Life Sciences). The purity of 4D9 recombinant antibody and Fab antibody fragments was analyzed by SDS–PAGE (NuPAGE 4–12% Bis–Tris, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and size exclusion chromatography (Tosoh TSKgel, Tosoh Biosciences, Japan).

Schlepckow K., Monroe K.M., Kleinberger G., Cantuti‐Castelvetri L., Parhizkar S., Xia D., Willem M., Werner G., Pettkus N., Brunner B., Sülzen A., Nuscher B., Hampel H., Xiang X., Feederle R., Tahirovic S., Park J.I., Prorok R., Mahon C., Liang C., Shi J., Kim D.J., Sabelström H., Huang F., Di Paolo G., Simons M., Lewcock J.W, & Haass C. (2020). Enhancing protective microglial activities with a dual function TREM2 antibody to the stalk region. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 12(4), e11227.

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Recombinant Antibody Production in CHO Cells

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The polypeptide sequences of VH and VK were codon‐optimized for CHO cell expression and synthesized by Integrated DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA). The synthesized VH and VK fragments were cloned into the human IgG1 containing effector knockout mutations (L234A, L235A, and P329G) and human kappa chain expression vectors, respectively. ExpiCHO cells (Gibco, Carlsbad, CA) were transfected with the antibody expression plasmids. The culture medium containing the expressed recombinant antibody was harvested 5 days after transfection. The recombinant antibody was purified by MabSelect SuRe (GE Life Sciences, Pittsburgh, PA). The purity of 4D9 recombinant antibody was analyzed by SDS–PAGE (NuPAGE 4–12% Bis–Tris, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and size exclusion chromatography (Tosoh TSKgel, Tosoh Biosciences, Japan).

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