Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, FE-SEM, S-4800, Hitachi, Japan) were used to detect the surface morphology and elemental composition of the scaffold, respectively. For both the Ti6Al4V and Ti2448 scaffolds, the scaffold was fixed on the tray with a conductive adhesive, and platinum was sprayed on the surface of the scaffolds by an E-1010 ion sputter-coating machine (SUPRO instrument) to improve the electrical conductivity of the material.
Surface roughness parameters of the Ti6Al4V and Ti2448 samples were analysed using an atomic force microscopy (AFM, SPM-9500J3, Japan). ACTA cantilever (Olympus) was used to scan the samples in non-contact mode. Size of images was recorded at 2 × 2 µm. Images were processed using SPIP software (Image Metrology A/S, Denmark) and roughness parameters were obtained from the scan size.
Water contact angle measurements were performed to analyse the hydrophilicity of the different surfaces. The surface water contact angle of Ti6Al4V and Ti2448 was detected with a contact angle goniometer (DataPhysics, Germany). Briefly, a distilled water dropt contacted the surface, and SCA20 software was used to record the shape of the droplet and calculate the water contact angle. To better detect the water contact angle and roughness on the surface of the material, we used solid scaffolds instead of porous scaffolds.
Surface roughness parameters of the Ti6Al4V and Ti2448 samples were analysed using an atomic force microscopy (AFM, SPM-9500J3, Japan). ACTA cantilever (Olympus) was used to scan the samples in non-contact mode. Size of images was recorded at 2 × 2 µm. Images were processed using SPIP software (Image Metrology A/S, Denmark) and roughness parameters were obtained from the scan size.
Water contact angle measurements were performed to analyse the hydrophilicity of the different surfaces. The surface water contact angle of Ti6Al4V and Ti2448 was detected with a contact angle goniometer (DataPhysics, Germany). Briefly, a distilled water dropt contacted the surface, and SCA20 software was used to record the shape of the droplet and calculate the water contact angle. To better detect the water contact angle and roughness on the surface of the material, we used solid scaffolds instead of porous scaffolds.