Anti tbid

Phenolic acids, flavonoids, Folin & Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, Trolox, 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate) (ABTS), sodium bicarbonate, MTT dye [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide], and propidium iodide (PI) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Merck Co. (Darmstadt, Germany). 2,2′-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was purchased from Wako Pure Chemicals (Osaka, Japan). Leibovitz’s L-15 medium, Ham’s F-12K medium, RPMI-1640 medium, minimum essential medium, fetal bovine serum, nonessential amino acids, sodium pyruvate, and an antibiotic mixture (penicillin–streptomycin) were purchased from Invitrogen Co. (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Anti-Fas, Anti-FasL, anti-p53, anti-Bax, anti-Bcl-2, anti-Bak, anti-Bad, anti-tBid, anti-caspase-8, anti-caspase-9, anti-caspase-3, anti-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (anti-PARP), and anti-β-actin antibodies; a caspase-3/CPP32 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK); and a caspase-9/Mch6 inhibitor (Z-LEHD-FMK) were purchased from the BioVision (Mountain View, CA, USA). All other chemicals were reagent grade or better.