Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), fluoranthene (FL), β-naphthoflavone (BNF), ethoxyresorufin, protease inhibitor, magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), potassium chloride (KCl), Tris-HCl, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), NADPH, NADH, dithiothreitol (DTT), antimycin A, rotenone, carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Corn oil and sucrose were purchased from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA). HEPES was purchased from Acros Organics (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Tris-base was purchased from Omni Pur (EMD Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). BaP (1 mg/mL) and FL (10 mg/mL) stocks were prepared in DMSO. BNF solutions were prepared in Corn oil.
Atlantic Wood Industries sediment was previously collected and processed in order to extract and characterize an aqueous solution containing a complex PAH mixture, hereafter known as Atlantic Wood sediment extract (AWSE) which was used during experimentation. For complete collection and extraction methods and analytical characterization, see Clark et al. (2013) (link).
A schematic of all of the methods described below can be found inFigure 1 . The Duke University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved all of the F. heteroclitus care, handling, and techniques used during this work (Protocol # A184-13-07).
Atlantic Wood Industries sediment was previously collected and processed in order to extract and characterize an aqueous solution containing a complex PAH mixture, hereafter known as Atlantic Wood sediment extract (AWSE) which was used during experimentation. For complete collection and extraction methods and analytical characterization, see Clark et al. (2013) (link).
A schematic of all of the methods described below can be found in