Live dead viability cytotoxicity kit

The self-assembling peptide IK₆ (Ac-ILVAGK-NH2) was custom synthesized by Bachem AG (Budendorf, Switzerland). Human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; USA). Cells were cultured in medium Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium-high glucose (DMEM-HG; Gibco Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). T175 or T75 cell culture flasks and 96- and 48-well plates were purchased from Corning, USA. Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 was obtained from Carolina Biological Supply (Burlington, NC, USA) and cultured in CM⁺ medium containing 4.3M NaCl and trace metals at 42°C with shaking as previously described[45 ]. H. volcanii H1895 and its corresponding vector pTA963 were kindly provided by Dr. Thorsten Allers (Institute of Genetics, School of Biology, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK). H. volcanii and derivatives were cultured in the Hv-YPC medium at 45°C with shaking as previously described[46 (link),47 (link)]. For solid media, 2% (w/v) agar was added. The CellTiter-Glo^® luminescent 3D cell viability assay kit, LIVE/DEAD^® Viability/Cytotoxicity kit and Actin Cytoskeleton/Focal Adhesion Staining kit were purchased from Promega, USA, Life Technologies™, USA, and Sigma-Aldrich, USA, respectively.