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4 protocols using chromasolv grade

1

GC-MS Analysis of Short-Chain Fatty Acids

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The SCFAs’ analysis was performed by Agilent GC-MS system composed with 5971 single quadrupole mass spectrometer, 5890 gas-chromatograph and 7673 autosampler. Methanol and tert-Butyl methyl ether (Chromasolv grade), Sodium bicarbonate and Hydrochloric acid (Reagent grade), [2H3]Acetic, [2H3]Propionic, [2H7]iso-Butyric and [2H9]iso-Valeric, used as internal standards (ISTDs), acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid and isovaleric acid (analytical standards grade) were purchased by Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). MilliQ water 18 MΩ was obtained from Millipore's Simplicity system (Milan, Italy).
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2

Specialized Metabolite Extraction and Analysis

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Specialized metabolites were extracted as described in Sipari et al. [13 (link)] and analyzed with the same instrumentation as the lipophilic metabolites. Samples were analyzed both in positive (ESI +) and negative (ESI −) ionization mode. The mass range (m/z) was set to 100–1500 in positive and 100–1000 in negative mode. The compounds were separated on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (1.7 µm, 50 × 2.1 mm, Waters, Ireland). The injection volume was 2 µL, oven temperature was 40 °C, and tray temperature was 10 °C. The mobile phases consisted of (A) H2O and (B) acetonitrile (Chromasolv grade, Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) both containing 0.1% formic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany). A linear gradient started from 95% A and proceeded to 10% in 5 min. The eluent composition was changed back to 95% at 5.1 min and left to equilibrate for 0.9 min, with a total analysis time of 6 min. Data processing with MassLynx and the identification of metabolites were performed as described for lipophilic metabolites. The relative levels of the specialized metabolites were calculated by normalizing the analyte peak area by the peak area of the internal standard, 4-methyl-umbelliferone, and the fresh weight of the sample.
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3

Competitive Ionization of Rodenticides and Drugs

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A total of six rodenticides were examined in this work, brodifacoum, bromadiolone, chlorophacinone, difenacoum, diphacinone, and pindone, and were purchased as 0.1 mg/mL solutions in methanol or acetonitrile from AccuStandard (New Haven, CT, USA). Samples were further diluted, as required, using methanol (Chromasolv Grade, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). For the competitive ionization studies, 1 mg/mL solutions of ABFUBINACA, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine were used either neat or diluted in methanol. AB-FUBINACA was acquired from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) while the remaining drug standards were acquired from Cerilliant (Round Rock, TX, USA). All samples were pipetted (1–5 μL) onto the center of the desorbed area of the PTFE-coated fiberglass wipes (DSA Detection, North Andover, MA, USA) for analysis. McCormick gourmet organic Oregano was purchased from a local grocery store. Seized plant material was provided by Maryland State Police Forensic Sciences Division and was known to contain 4-fluoro ADB, MMB-FUBINACA, and ADB-FUBINACA.
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4

Photochemical Damage Analysis Reagents

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Methanol (MeOH) >99.9 % purity (CHROMASOLV grade) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and LC-MS grade acetonitrile (ACN) from Carlo Erba. Triethylammonium acetate (TEAA, 1 M in water), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sucrose, Triton-X100, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), chloroacetaldehyde and 1,N 6 -etheno-2'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo) were from Sigma (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). Reagents and solvents for synthesis
(5'-dimethoxytrityl-3'-phosphoramidite-thymidine, dimethoxytrityl chloride, acetic anhydride, acetic acid, pyridine, ethyl-S-triazol, iodine, ammonium hydroxide) were of the highest purity available and purchased form Aldrich (Saint-Quentin-Fallavier, France). ( 13 C10, 98% 15 N2, 96-98%)-thymidine was from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories. [ 15 N5]-dAdo was synthetized as previously reported (35) . Thymidylyl-(3'-5')-thymidine (TpT) was prepared by phosphodiester synthesis and all photoproducts of dinucleoside monophosphates were obtained as previously reported (23) .
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