Fiske subbarow reducer

Anhydrous acetic acid, ammonium molybdate, chloramphenicol (CAM), hydrochloric acid, Fiske-Subbarow reducer, glycerol 86-88%, high molecular weight (Mw = 310 -375 kDa, degree of deacetylation > 75.0%) chitosan (CS), methanol, propylene glycol, monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium chloride and dibasic sodium phosphate dihydrate were bought from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie (Steinheim, Germany). Concentrated sulfuric acid was purchased from May & Baker Ltd (Dagenham, England), while zirconium oxide beads (Ø = 1.4 mm) was purchased from Bertin Technologies (Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France). Lipoid E80 (egg lecithin, approx. 80% phosphatidylcholine (PC)), Phospholipon ® 90H (hydrogenated soy lecithin, min. 90% PC), Lipoid S100 (soy lecithin, min. 94% PC), and Soluthin® S90 (soy lechitin, min. 83%, associated with calcium chloride) were kindly provided by Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). The pig ears used in drug release experiments and bioadhesion testing were purchased from Nortura AS (Bardufoss, Norway).
All chemicals used were of analytical or HPLC grade.

Lipoid S 100 (soybean lecithin, > 94 % phosphatidylcholine) was provided as a gift from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Water-soluble β-1,3/1,6-glucan gel (2.5 % SBG) was provided by Biotec BetaGlucans AS (Tromsø, Norway). Chloramphenicol, Fiske-Subbarow reducer, monobasic potassium phosphate, sodium chloride, 99.8 % anhydrous acetic acid, ≥ 37 % hydrochloric acid (HCl), chloroform (CHCl 3) and methanol CHROMASOLV® (MeOH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie (Steinheim, Germany). Ammonium molybdate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and 30 % hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) was the product of May and Baker LTD (Dagenham, England). Polyamide membranes (pore size = 0.2 mm) used in drug release studies and cellulose acetate filters (0.2 µm) for filtration of buffer solution and mobile phase were purchased from Sartorius (Göttingen, Germany). Propylene glycol (PG), rubber stoppers and capsules for the injection vials were purchased from NMD -Norwegian Medical Depot AS (Oslo, Norway).