Pw3040

The prepared structural factors, phase verification, and chemical composition of the Co_0.9Cu_0.1Fe₂O₄ sample were inspected through [XRD = X-ray diffraction, Philips PW3040, Portland, ON, USA] and [EDXS = energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, JEOL-6610VL, Tokyo, Japan]. Using a [TEM = transmission electron microscope, JEOL-JEM-2100, Tokyo, Japan] and [SEM= scanning electron microscope, JEOL-6610VL, Tokyo, Japan] analyser, the surface-form microscope slides and the distribution of particle sizes of the studied nano spinel ferrites were completely exposed. Using FT-IR (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) the phase verification and chemical quality of the materials under study were confirmed.
Magnetic behaviour was inspected through a SQUID-magnetometry (Portland, ON, USA) technique around areas up to [±40 KOe].

The phase and crystal structure of Co_xZn_1−xFe₂O₄ (x = 0.0–0.4) NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD, a Philips PW3040, Cu K_α, $\lambda$  = 0.15406 nm). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEOL2010) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM, M-SEM, SNE-4500) were performed to reveal the morphology and structure of the materials which were used to calculate particle size. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (Bruker, Senterra) was used to verify the vibrational modes of bonding between metals and oxygen molecules in the crystal structure. The oxidation states of Zn, Co and Fe cations were analyzed using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) performed at the K-edge in a transmission mode using the synchrotron light of Beamline 1.1W (2 GeV). Pore volume, pore size and specific surface area were investigated using N₂ gas adsorption/desorption isotherms by the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) techniques (Autosorb-1, Quantachrome). A potentiostat/galvanostat station (CS350 electrochemical workstation; Corrtest, Hubei) was employed for electrochemical property studies via cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in an aqueous 3 M KOH electrolyte using a three-electrode configuration.