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Flupenthixol

Manufactured by Merck Group
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Flupenthixol is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound used for research and analytical purposes. The core function of Flupenthixol is to serve as a reference standard or analytical tool for scientific investigations, but no further details about its intended use can be provided in an unbiased and factual manner.

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Lab products found in correlation

Haloperidol, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Prazosin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Atipamezole, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Sch23390, by Merck Group (2 mentions) L 741 626, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Propranolol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Chlorpromazine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Thioridazine, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Fenfluramine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Gbr12909 dihydrochloride, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions) Ofloxacin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Capreomycin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ethidium bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Isoniazid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Amikacin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Verapamil, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Rifampicin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Pimozide, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Clozapine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Reserpine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

8 protocols using flupenthixol

1

Dissecting NE and DA Receptor Signaling

Cited 3 times
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The following drugs were intraperitoneally administered to dissect the relative contributions of NE and DA receptor signaling to behavior: nepicastat (100 mg/kg, DBH inhibitor) (Synosia Therapeutics, Basel, Switzerland); prazosin (0.5 mg/kg, α1AR antagonist) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); propranolol (5 mg/kg, βAR antagonist) (Sigma-Aldrich); atipamezole (1 mg/kg, α2AR antagonist) (Sigma-Aldrich), flupenthixol (0.25 mg/kg, nonspecific DA receptor antagonist) (Sigma-Aldrich); SCH-23390 (0.03) mg/kg, D1 receptor antagonist) (Sigma-Aldrich); L-741,626 (10 mg/kg, D2 receptor antagonist) (Sigma-Aldrich). Doses selected were based on previous studies and pilot experiments to control for confounding effects such as motor impairment (Lustberg et al. 2020a (link), 2022 ; Mitchell et al., 2008 (link); Pina and Cunningham 2014 (link); Yan et al., 2016 (link)). Because the 0.03 mg/kg dose of SCH-23390 suppressed general motor activity, we also tested 0.01 and 0.006 mg/kg doses. All drugs were dissolved in bacteriostatic saline except prazosin and L-741,626. prazosin was first dissolved in 1.5 % DMSO and 1.5 % Cremophor EL before being added to saline, and L-741,626 was first dissolved in 10 % ethanol and 1.5 % Cremophor EL before being added to saline. The corresponding vehicle that each drug was dissolved in was used as a control.
Liu J., Lustberg D.J., Galvez A., Liles L.C., McCann K.E, & Weinshenker D. (2024). Genetic disruption of dopamine β-hydroxylase dysregulates innate responses to predator odor in mice. Neurobiology of Stress, 29, 100612.
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2

Fluorine-Containing Dopaminergic Agents Protocol

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The following fluorine‐containing dopaminergic agents were used: F‐DOPA (Advanced Biochemical Compounds, Radeberg, Germany), F‐tyrosine (SynQuest, Alachua, FL, USA), F‐L‐tyrosine (Tokyo Chemical Industry, Tokyo, Japan), haloperidol (a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), GBR13069 dihydrochloride (GBR13069 dihydrochloride; a dopamine transporter inhibitor; Tocris, Bristol, UK), GBR12909 dihydrochloride (GBR12909; a dopamine transporter inhibitor; Tocris), 3‐bis‐(4‐fluorophenyl) methoxytropane hydrochloride (3‐bis‐FPMT; a dopamine transporter inhibitor; Tocris), flupenthixol (a non‐selective dopamine receptor antagonist; Sigma), and fenfluramine (a serotonin releaser; Sigma).
Yanagisawa D., Oda K., Inden M., Morikawa S., Inubushi T., Taniguchi T., Hijioka M., Kitamura Y, & Tooyama I. (2016). Fluorodopa is a Promising Fluorine‐19 MRI Probe for Evaluating Striatal Dopaminergic Function in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 95(7), 1485-1494.
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3

Mycobacterial Strain Characterization

Cited 1 time
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The M. tuberculosis strains used in this study were obtained from the culture collection maintained at the Mycobacteriology Laboratory (Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa) and comprised the M. tuberculosis H37Rv ATCC27294T, M. tuberculosis H37RvΔkatG [3 (link)] and seven drug-resistant clinical strains (Table 1). Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur ATCC35734 expressing GFP (BCG-GFP) was kindly provided by Prof. M. Niederweis (University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA). Isoniazid, rifampicin, ofloxacin, amikacin, capreomycin, verapamil, flupenthixol, thioridazine, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and the efflux substrate ethidium bromide were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Machado D., Pires D., Perdigão J., Couto I., Portugal I., Martins M., Amaral L., Anes E, & Viveiros M. (2016). Ion Channel Blockers as Antimicrobial Agents, Efflux Inhibitors, and Enhancers of Macrophage Killing Activity against Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS ONE, 11(2), e0149326.
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4

Dopamine Receptor Antagonist Infusion in Striatum

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Cannulae for striatal infusions were obtained from Plastics One (Roanoke, VA). The D1/D2 dopamine receptor antagonist flupenthixol (Sigma) was infused bilaterally into the dorsal striatum at corrdinates AP = 1.5 mm, ML = ±1.5 mm DV = -2.5 at 15μg/0.5μL/hemisphere. The drug was prepared in aCSF (used as vehicle control) 5 minutes previous to the 1h-long oral intake tests.
Han W., Tellez L.A., Perkins M.H., Perez I.O., Qu T., Ferreira J., Ferreira T.L., Quinn D., Liu Z.W., Gao X., Kaelberer M.M., Bohórquez D.V., Shammah-Lagnado S.J., de Lartigue G, & de Araujo I.E. (2018). A Neural Circuit for Gut-Induced Reward. Cell, 175(3), 665-678.e23.
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5

Comprehensive Pharmacological Library Acquisition

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Acepromazine (A7111), Amoxapine (A129), Clozapine (C6305), Flupenthixol (F114), Fluspirilene (F100), Haloperidol (H1512), Loxapine (L106), Molindone (M1818), Ondansetron (O3639), Pimozide (P1793), Reserpine (R0875), Spiperone (S7395), Triflupromazine (T2896), Prochlorperazine (P9178), Trifluoperazine (T8516), Thioridazine (T9025), TMZ (T2577), Chlorpromazine (C8138) and Fluphenazine (F4765) were purchased from Sigma. Perphenazine (125), Thiostrepton (522), Thioguanosine (347), Parthenolide (550) and Bepridil (368) were purchased from Prestwick. Promazine (46674) and Promethazine (46682) were purchased from Fluka.
Cheng H.W., Liang Y.H., Kuo Y.L., Chuu C.P., Lin C.Y., Lee M.H., Wu A.T., Yeh C.T., Chen E.I., Whang-Peng J., Su C.L, & Huang C.Y. (2015). Identification of thioridazine, an antipsychotic drug, as an antiglioblastoma and anticancer stem cell agent using public gene expression data. Cell Death & Disease, 6(5), e1753-.
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6

Quantifying Dopamine D1 Receptor Binding

Cited 2 times
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Autoradiography was performed as previously described to quantify dopamine type 1-like receptor (D1) binding [40 (link)–44 (link)]. Briefly, slides were pre-incubated for 60 min at room temperature in 50 mM Tris HCl buffer. Then, 2.5 nM of [3H] SCH 23390 (specific activity = 85 Ci/mmol) and 40 nM of ketanserin (both acquired from PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) were added to the re-incubation buffer, and the slides were incubated for an additional 60 min at room temperature. Non-specific binding was determined in the presence of 1 μM of flupenthixol (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Slides were washed 2× for 5 min in pre-incubation buffer, followed by a brief immersion in dH2O, all at 4 °C. This experiment was performed following a protocol adapted from [45 (link)].
Richardson B.J., Hamilton J., Roeder N., Thanos K.Z., Marion M, & Thanos P.K. (2023). Fatty acid-binding protein 5 differentially impacts dopamine signaling independent of sex and environment. Addiction neuroscience, 8, 100118.
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7

Flupenthixol Intraperitoneal Administration

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Flupenthixol (cis-(Z)-Flupenthixoldihydrochlorid, Sigma Aldrich) was dissolved in physiological saline (Braun, Melsungen Germany). Intraperitoneal injections were in a volume of 1 ml/kg 60 min. prior test onset.
Trost A, & Hauber W. (2014). Dopamine D1/D2 receptors do not mediate the expression of conditioned place preference induced by the aftereffect of wheel running. BMC Neuroscience, 15, 124.
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8

Pharmacological Dissection of Neuromodulator Contributions

Cited 4 times
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The following drugs were intraperitoneally administered to dissect the relative contributions of NE and DA receptor signaling to behavior: nepicastat (100 mg/kg, DBH inhibitor) (Synosia Therapeutics, Basel, Switzerland); prazosin (0.5 mg/kg, α1AR antagonist) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO); propranolol (5 mg/kg, βAR antagonist) (Sigma-Aldrich); atipamezole (1 mg/kg, α2AR antagonist) (Sigma-Aldrich), flupenthixol (0.25 mg/kg, nonspecific DA receptor antagonist) (Sigma-Aldrich); SCH-23390 (0.03) mg/kg, D1 receptor antagonist) (Sigma-Aldrich); L-741,626 (10 mg/kg, D2 receptor antagonist) (Sigma-Aldrich). Doses selected were based on previous studies and pilot experiments to control for confounding effects such as motor impairment (Lustberg et al 2020a (link), Lustberg et al 2022 (link), Mitchell et al 2008 (link), Pina & Cunningham 2014 (link), Yan et al 2016 (link)). Because the 0.03 mg/kg dose of SCH-23390 suppressed general motor activity, we also tested 0.01 and 0.006 mg/kg doses. All drugs were dissolved in bacteriostatic saline except prazosin and L-741,626. prazosin was first dissolved in 1.5% DMSO and 1.5% Cremophor EL before being added to saline, and L-741,626 was first dissolved in 10% ethanol and 1.5% Cremophor EL before being added to saline. The corresponding vehicle that each drug was dissolved in was used as a control.
Liu J., Lustberg D.J., Galvez A., Liles L.C., McCann K.E, & Weinshenker D. (2024). Genetic disruption of dopamine β-hydroxylase dysregulates innate responses to predator odor in mice. bioRxiv.
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