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409 protocols using mp150

1

Physiological Responses to Conditioned Stimuli

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Sixty percent of CS+ presentations co-terminated with a 50ms electro-dermal stimulation using two pre-gelled carbon snap electrodes attached to the right wrist (EL508, Biopac Systems, Inc.). Prior to scanning, stimulation strength was adjusted to individual tolerances following established procedures (LaBar et al., 1998) to ensure that stimulation was highly uncomfortable but not painful. Stimulation was administered using a STIMISOC isolator connected to a STM100C stimulator, which was attached to a MP150 (Biopac Systems, Inc.).
Skin conductance responses (SCRs) were sampled at 1kHz using pre-gelled carbon snap electrodes (EL508, Biopac Systems, Inc.) attached to the medial phalanges of the second and third digits of the left hand and connected to an EDA100C module attached to a MP150 (Biopac Systems, Inc.). SCRs were defined as the peak response of the low-pass filtered (0.1 Hz) electro-dermal activity occurring within 1-4s after the onset of the conditioned stimuli (Lockhardt, 1966) .
SCRs below 0.02 µS were excluded from the analysis.
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2

Intracerebral Probe Insertion Technique

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The anesthesia, intubation, and establishment of vascular catheters were performed as described previously (17 (link), 18 (link)). Then, animals were easily equipped with intracerebral probes. Three 0.8-mm-diameter burr holes were drilled in three quadrants centered in the bregma of the skull with access to the superficial cerebral cortex (Fig. 1b). A CMA70 microdialysis catheter (CMA Microdialysis AB, Solna, Sweden) was inserted 4-mm deep into hole E to collect the dialysate from the cerebral cortex (Fig. 1b). An intraparenchymal microtip pressure catheter (Codman ICP Express, Raynham, MA) was placed 3-mm deep into the cerebral cortex through hole C after puncture of the dura (Fig. 1b). ICP was recorded by connecting the catheter to the transducer of a multichannel physiologic recorder (MP150, BIOPAC Systems, Inc., California, USA), and the recordings were analyzed using the AcqKnowledge system (Version 3.8.1, BIOPAC Systems, Inc). Hole D (Fig. 1b) was devoted to monitoring the cerebral temperature with a microprobe (Licox Integra, Plainsboro, NJ) connected to the transducer of a multichannel physiologic recorder (MP150, BIOPAC Systems, Inc. California, USA).
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3

Cardiovascular and Renal Measurements

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Heart rate (beats per minute (bpm)): heart rate was measured through the catheter inserted into the carotid artery and was assessed using Biopac Systems MP150 (Santa Barbara, CA)

Mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg): mean arterial blood pressure was measured through the catheter inserted into the carotid artery and was assessed using Biopac Systems MP150 (Santa Barbara, CA)

Renal blood flow (mL/min): the renal artery was isolated after exposing the left renal pedicle, and a suitable probe was placed around for renal blood flow measurement, which was performed by a perivascular ultrasonic flowmeter (T402, Transonic Systems Inc., Bethesda, MD)

Renal vascular resistance (mmHg/mL/min): mean arterial blood pressure and renal blood flow were assessed, and renal vascular resistance was calculated with the usual formula: renalvascularresistance = meanarterialbloodpressure/renalbloodflow [17 (link)]

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4

Multimodal Physiological Monitoring

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Electrocardiographic and skin temperature probes were attached to monitor the heart rate and mean skin temperature, respectively. The mean skin temperature was indexed from the weighted average of six thermocouples [15 (link)]. The external ear canal temperature was measured as an index of the internal temperature using an infrared sensor (Nipro CE Thermo, NIPRO, Japan). The reliability of this device as an index of the internal temperature was confirmed by our previous studies involving simultaneous measurement with changes in the esophageal temperature [10 (link), 16 (link)]. It was continuously measured and sampled at 20 Hz via a data acquisition system (MP150, BIOPAC Systems, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) throughout the experiments. Intermittent arterial blood pressure was measured by auscultation of the brachial artery via electrosphygmomanometry (STBP-780, Colin, Tokyo, Japan) before and after each ERP recording. The heart rate was continuously measured and sampled at 20 Hz via a data acquisition system (MP150, BIOPAC Systems, Santa Barbara, CA, USA).
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5

Vastus Lateralis Muscle EMG Measurement

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The EMG of the vastus lateralis was sampled using Ag/AgCl electrodes (32 × 32 mm; Nessler Medizintechnik, Innsbruck, Austria). Before attachment of the electrodes, the skin of the participants was shaved, abraded, and cleaned with an alcohol swab over the belly of the muscle to reduce impedance. The electrodes were placed on the prepared skin over the belly of the muscle, parallel to the alignment of the muscle fibers. A reference electrode was placed on prepared skin medial to the tibial tuberosity. Care was taken to ensure that the electrode locations were identical between sessions. The raw EMG signals were sampled at 1 kHz, amplified (gain 1000; Biopac MP150; Biopac Systems Inc., Goleta, CA), and band-pass filtered (10–500 Hz; Biopac MP150; Biopac Systems Inc.).
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6

Surface EMG Muscle Activation Protocol

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Surface EMG signals were recorded using BioPac MP150 (BioPac MP150 with EMG100C amplifier; Biopac Systems, Inc., Santa Barbara, CA, USA) from the biceps brachii (BB) muscle of the right arm with a bipolar electrode (Kendall 530 series Foam Electrodes; Cardinal Health, Inc., Dublin, OH, USA) arrangement according to the Surface Electromyography for the Non-Invasive Assessment of the Muscles project recommendations (Hermens et al., 2000 (link)). The electrodes were placed 66% of the distance between the medial acromion and fossa cubit and oriented in line between the acromion and fossa cubit. The reference electrode was placed over the acromion process. Prior to electrode placement, the skin was dry shaved and cleaned with alcohol.
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7

Vastus Lateralis EMG Sampling Protocol

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The EMG of the vastus lateralis was sampled using Ag/AgCl electrodes (32 x 32 mm; Nessler Medizintechnik, Innsbruck, Austria). Prior to attachment of the electrodes, the skin of the participants was shaved, abraded and then cleaned with an alcohol swab over the belly of the muscle, in order to reduce impedance. The electrodes were placed on the prepared skin over the belly of the muscle in a direction parallel to the alignment of the muscle fibers. A reference electrode was placed on prepared skin medial to the tibial tuberosity. Care was taken to ensure that the electrode locations were identical between sessions. The raw EMG signals were sampled at 1 kHz, amplified (gain 1000; Biopac MP150; Biopac Systems Inc., California, USA) and band‐pass filtered (10–500 Hz; Biopac MP 150; Biopac Systems Inc., California, USA).
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8

Open-Source Biometric Data Acquisition

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All PCBs and software code are open source, and thus are included or freely available on the internet at (https://code.google.com/p/biopacvideo/). Two exceptions exist. The mechanical design of the feeder is based on a commercial design and, as such, will require purchase to implement the project. Additionally, the software that controls the BioPac MP150 is closed source. Thus, communication with the BioPac MP150 requires the developer dynamic link library, which is available for purchase from BioPac.
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9

EMG Measurement of Vastus Lateralis Muscle

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The EMG of the vastus lateralis was sampled using Ag/AgCl electrodes (32 mm × 32 mm; Nessler Medizintechnik, Innsbruck, Austria). Prior to attachment of the electrodes, the skin of the participants was shaved, abraded and then cleaned with an alcohol-soaked cotton pad, in order to reduce impedance. Positioning of the electrodes was preceded by palpation of the muscle during a manually resisted contraction, to outline its length and belly. The electrodes were placed in a direction parallel to the alignment of the muscle fibres over the belly of the muscle. A reference electrode was placed on prepared skin medial to the tibial tuberosity. The raw EMG signals were sampled at 1 kHz, amplified (gain 1000; Biopac MP150, Biopac Systems Inc., Goleta, CA, USA) and band-pass filtered (10-500 Hz; Biopac MP150, Biopac Systems Inc.).
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10

EMG Measurement of Quadriceps Muscles

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The EMG of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis were sampled using Ag/AgCl electrodes (32 × 32 mm; Nessler Medizintechnik, Innsbruck, Austria). Prior to attachment of the electrodes, the skin of the participants was shaved, abraded and cleaned with an alcohol swab over the belly of the muscle to reduce impedance. The electrodes were placed on the prepared skin over the belly of the muscle, parallel to the approximate alignment of the muscle fibres. A reference electrode was placed on prepared skin medial to the tibial tuberosity. The raw EMG signals were sampled at 1 kHz, amplified (gain 1000; Biopac MP150; Biopac Systems Inc., California, USA) and band-pass filtered (10–500 Hz; Biopac MP150; Biopac Systems Inc., California, USA).
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