Pas kit

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

The PAS kit is a laboratory equipment product offered by Merck Group. It is a compact and versatile tool designed for performing various analytical tasks. The core function of the PAS kit is to facilitate efficient and reliable sample preparation and analysis procedures in a laboratory setting.

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Lab products found in correlation

Te2000, by Nikon (2 mentions) Optical microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions) Cdfda, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hematoxylin, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Oil red o, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Fv1000, by Olympus (1 mentions) Vectastain abc kit, by Vector Laboratories (1 mentions) Ix73 microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions) Superfrost plus slide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Ca2 mg2, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Bouin s fixative, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Peroxidase affinipure goat anti guinea pig igg h l, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (1 mentions) Peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase blocking reagent, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Autostainer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Mouse anti dystrophin 1 igg2a antibodies, by Leica (1 mentions) Dm5000b, by Leica (1 mentions) Permount, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Opg elisa kit, by Boster Bio (1 mentions) Glucose hk assay kit, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Celltiter glo luminescent cell viability assay kit, by Promega (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

PAS staining kit (46 citations) PAS stain Kit (3 citations)

38 protocols using pas kit

Cornea and Conjunctiva Histological Analysis

Cited 1 time

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Staining (both haematoxylin and eosin and period acid–Schiff [PAS]) was performed as previously described^{11 (link)}. Fixed intact eyeballs were dehydrated in an ethanol gradient, cleared in xylene, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned (5 μm thickness) along the sagittal plane. Corneal tissue morphology was observed by haematoxylin and eosin staining and assessed using an optical microscope; conjunctival goblet cell morphology was observed by PAS staining (as described below) and assessed using an optical microscope (Olympus Optical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Ten to 15 paraffin sections at matching positions of the anterior segment were stained with a PAS Kit (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and counterstained with haematoxylin.

Lv Y., Chu C., Liu K., Ru Y., Zhang Y., Lu X., Gao Y., Zhang C, & Zhao S. (2021). A combination of CMC and α-MSH inhibited ROS activated NLRP3 inflammasome in hyperosmolarity stressed HCECs and scopolamine-induced dry eye rats. Scientific Reports, 11, 1184.

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Staining and Uptake Assays for Cell Analysis

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Cells were stained by PAS kit (Sigma) per the manufacturer’s instructions. For ICG (Sigma) uptake assay, cells were incubated with DMEM containing 1 mg/ml ICG at 37 °C for 1 h, followed by washing with PBS three times. ICG release was examined 6 h later. For Oil Red O staining, confluent cells were fixed with 4% PFA at 4 °C for 30 min, followed by Oil Red O (Sigma) staining for 15 min, and then washed with PBS and stained with hematoxylin (Sigma) for 30 s. For polarization assay, cells were incubated with 10 µg/ml CDFDA (Sigma) and 1 µg/ml Hoechst 33342 for 30 min at 37 °C, followed by washing with ice-cold PBS and observed with fluorescence confocal microscope (Olympus FV1000, Olympus).

Guo Z., Jing R., Rao Q., Zhang L., Gao Y., Liu F., Wang X., Hui L, & Yin H. (2018). Immortalized common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) hepatic progenitor cells possess bipotentiality in vitro and in vivo. Cell Discovery, 4, 23.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of CD34 in RCC

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IHC was performed on conventional 5-µm-thick histological paraffin-embedded tissue serial RCC sections on poly-L-lysine-coated glass slides. After heat-drying, the sections were deparaffinized in xylene and sequentially rehydrated in gradients of ethanol, and next incubated overnight at 4°C with anti-CD34 antibody (cat. no. ab81289; 1:100 dilution; Abcam). Signals were amplified with the VECTASTAIN^® ABC kit (Vector Laboratories, Inc.). At ×200 magnification, most of the slides had CD34-positive stain and those without any CD34 signal were considered invalid and restained. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining was performed using a PAS kit (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA) according to the manufacturer's protocol on one of the CD34-stained slides. Sections were counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin, coverslips were mounted with Permount Mounting Medium and samples were observed using an Olympus IX73 microscope (Olympus, Corp.). For the negative control, the primary antibody was replaced with non-immune human serum (cat. no. 31876; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.).

Wu Y., Du K., Guan W., Wu D., Tang H., Wang N., Qi J., Gu Z., Yang J, & Ding J. (2020). A novel definition of microvessel density in renal cell carcinoma: Angiogenesis plus vasculogenic mimicry. Oncology Letters, 20(5), 192.

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Periodic Acid-Schiff Staining of gPGCs

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gPGCs were washed twice and centrifuged at 1,200 rpm for 5 min, and the pellet was resuspended in cold Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) without Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺ (Gibco®). The cell suspension was placed onto a Superfrost™ Plus slide (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and incubated for 20 min at ambient temperature to allow cell attachment. Adherent cells were fixed in DPBS containing 4% paraformaldehyde and stained with Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) using a PAS Kit (Sigma-Aldrich) according to the manufacturer's protocol.

Chen Y.C., Lin S.P., Chang Y.Y., Chang W.P., Wei L.Y., Liu H.C., Huang J.F., Pain B, & Wu S.C. (2018). In vitro culture and characterization of duck primordial germ cells. Poultry Science, 98(4), 1820-1832.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mouse Testis

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C57Bl/6 males (11 weeks of age) were euthanized as per the guidelines of the University of Virginia Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Testes were harvested and fixed overnight in Bouin’s fixative (Sigma), followed by embedding in paraffin (Hogarth and Griswold. 2013 (link)). Five-micron-thick sections were deparaffinized in xylene, and rehydrated in a graded series of ethanol baths. Immunohistochemistry was performed on a robotic platform (Autostainer, Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). Endogenous peroxidases were blocked using Peroxidase and Alkaline Phosphatase Blocking Reagent (Dako). No antigen retrieval step was performed. Guinea pig anti-mouse SP-10 primary antibodies (B, C, and D) were used at a 1:1000 dilution. Goat anti-guinea pig-HRP conjugated secondary antibodies (Peroxidase-AffiniPure Goat Anti-Guinea Pig IgG (H+L) Code: 106-035-003, Jackson Immuno Research Laboratories) were used at a 1:200 dilution. The antigen-antibody reaction was assessed by incubation with 3,3’-diaminobenzidinetetrahydrochloride (DAB+) chromogen (Dako), as per the manufacturer’s instructions. All the slides were counterstained with hematoxylin, and were then dehydrated, cleared, and mounted for assessment and imaging. Periodic acid-Schiff histology was performed using a PAS kit (Sigma-Aldrich), following the instructions provided by the manufacturer.

Osuru H.P., Monroe J., Chebolu A., Akamune J., Pramoonjago P., Ranpura S, & Reddi P. (2014). The acrosomal protein SP-10 (Acrv1) is an ideal marker for staging of the cycle of seminiferous epithelium in the mouse. Molecular reproduction and development, 81(10), 896-907.

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Histological and Fluorescence Analyses of Murine Tissues

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Livers, epididymal fat (eWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were dissected, fixed with buffered 10% formalin overnight at 4°C and stored in 70% ethanol, embedded into paraffin blocks and cut into 6‐ to 10‐μm sections. Tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius muscles were snap‐frozen and cut into 10‐μm sections. H&E staining was performed following the IHC World protocol. For Oil Red O staining, OCT‐embedded tissues were cut into 25‐μm sections, fixed in formalin and stained following the IHC World protocol. For periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) staining, the sections were rehydrated in PBS pH 7.4 and stained using the PAS Kit (Sigma‐Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO) following the manufacturer's instructions. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on 10‐μm cryosections as previously described (Sandri et al, 2004; Mammucari et al, 2007) and then monitored with a fluorescence microscope Leica DM5000B equipped with a Leica DFC300‐FX digital CCD camera. For nuclear localization studies, cryosections were stained with mouse‐anti‐dystrophin‐1 IgG2a antibodies (Novocastra) and Hoechst to identify the subsarcolemmal position of myonuclei.

Pastore N., Vainshtein A., Klisch T.J., Armani A., Huynh T., Herz N.J., Polishchuk E.V., Sandri M, & Ballabio A. (2017). TFE3 regulates whole‐body energy metabolism in cooperation with TFEB. EMBO Molecular Medicine, 9(5), 605-621.

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Quantifying Corpus Callosum Myelination

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Black gold stain was carried out using Black-Gold II compound (Histo-Chem, Jefferson, AR) following the manufacturer’s instructions. LFB staining was carried out using LUXOL FAST BLUE—PAS kit (Hitobiotec, Kingsport, TN) following the manufacturer’s instructions followed by PAS counterstaining with a PAS kit (Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Sections were eventually dehydrated with graded ethanol and mounted with permount (Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA). Images of the midline of the corpus callosum were taken using Virtual Slide microscope 120 (Olympus, Center Valley, PA). For analysis, the sections were scored blind on a scale of 0–3 (Additional file 1: Figure S1) by judging the relative intensity of blue (myelin content) and pink (demyelinated area).

Yu Q., Hui R., Park J., Huang Y., Kusnecov A.W., Dreyfus C.F, & Zhou R. (2017). Strain differences in cuprizone induced demyelination. Cell & Bioscience, 7, 59.

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Kidney Tissue Fixation and Sectioning

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After extraction, kidneys were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde/PBS at 4°C overnight. Kidneys were subsequently dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and 5 μm thick sections were cut using a microtome. For general histology, a Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions (PAS Kit, Sigma).

Svensson K., Schnyder S., Cardel B, & Handschin C. (2016). Loss of Renal Tubular PGC-1α Exacerbates Diet-Induced Renal Steatosis and Age-Related Urinary Sodium Excretion in Mice. PLoS ONE, 11(7), e0158716.

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Metabolic Profiling of Prx1-Cre; Rb1f/f Mice MSCs

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Briefly, MSCs were isolated from 3-month-old Prx1-Cre; Rb1^f/f mice and age-matched controls, and then the lactate production and glucose consumption were measured in those cells using the l-lactate Assay Kit (Eton Biosciences, USA) and Glucose (HK) Assay Kit (Sigma, USA), respectively. After incubation with 100 μM 2-NBDG for 8 h, the glucose uptake was measured in MSCs as we previous reported [3 (link)]. ATP production was quantified in MSCs by the CellTiter-Glo® Luminescent Cell Viability Assay kit (Promega, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Serum levels of OPG, RANKL, insulin and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining were analyzed by OPG ELISA Kit (Boster Biological Technology, USA), RANKL ELISA Kit (Boster Biological Technology, USA), Insulin ELISA Kit (Crystal Chem, USA) and PAS kit (Sigma, USA) as we described previously [3 (link),22 (link)].

Li Y., Yang S, & Yang S. (2022). Rb1 negatively regulates bone formation and remodeling through inhibiting transcriptional regulation of YAP in Glut1 and OPG expression and glucose metabolism in male mice. Molecular Metabolism, 66, 101630.

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Immunohistochemistry and FISH for Vascular Mimicry

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For IHC, slides were deparaffinized, rehydrated, blocked, and then incubated with primary antibodies (ERβ 1:100, Abcam ab288; CD31 1:100, Abcam ab182981; VE-cadherin 1:100, CST 93467). PAS staining was conducted using Sigma PAS kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions and a PAS+/CD31- channel structure was considered to be VM. For any slides, 20 random fields under microscope at 400× were examined; if any one of them had VM then that tissue sample was considered to be VM (+), otherwise VM (−). For FISH, cells were fixed by −20 °C methanol, dehydrated, and hybridized with biotinylated hybridization DNA probe, which was synthesized by Genepharma (Shanghai, China). The probe targeting circDGKD was tagged with cyanine dye 3 (Cy3) and the miR-125b-5p was tagged with fluorescein amidite (FAM).

Ding J., Cui X.G., Chen H.J., Sun Y., Yu W.W., Luo J., Xiao G.Q., Chang C., Qi J, & Yeh S. (2022). Targeting circDGKD Intercepts TKI’s Effects on Up-Regulation of Estrogen Receptor β and Vasculogenic Mimicry in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers, 14(7), 1639.

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