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Anti β actin clone ac 74

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Japan, United States, Australia, Germany

Anti-β-actin (clone AC-74) is a monoclonal antibody that binds to the β-actin protein. β-actin is a widely expressed cytoskeletal protein that is commonly used as a loading control in various experimental techniques. The antibody can be used to detect and quantify β-actin levels in cell and tissue samples.

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23 protocols using anti β actin clone ac 74

1

Western Blot and Immunostaining Antibodies

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Antibodies used for Western Blot were from: i) Cell Signaling Technology (Denver, MA), anti-phospho-Akt (S473) (#4058), anti-Akt1 (#2938), anti-Akt2 (#2964), anti-phospho-GSK3-αβ (Ser21/9) (#9331), anti-GSK3 (#9338), anti-STAT3 (#9139), anti-phospho-STAT3 (Y705) (#9145), anti-phospho-IkKα/β (Ser176/180) (#2697), anti-IkB (#9242), anti-phospho-IkB (Ser32) (#2859), anti-PTEN (#9552), anti-p110α (#4255); ii) Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA), anti-IkKα (sc-7218); iii) Sigma-Aldrich, anti-β-actin (clone AC-74, #A2228).
Antibodies used for immunostaining were selected according to previously published work: anti-CK7 (#35057) (Menarini, Florence, Italy), anti-CK34 (Enzo Diagnostics, Inc, Farmigale, NY), anti-pAkt Ser473 (#3787) (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-pSTAT3 Tyr705 (#9145) (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-IL-6 (AF-206-NA) (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN).
Protein preparation and Western blot analysis were carried out by standard methods [27 (link)]. Densitometric analysis of gel bands was carried out with ImageJ software (NIH).
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2

Protein Expression Analysis via SDS-PAGE

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Cell pellets were lysed in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) containing a protease inhibitor cocktail and a phosphatase inhibitor cocktail (Nacalai Tesque, Inc.) and incubated for 30 min on ice. The supernatant was cleared via centrifugation at 15,000× g for 15 min at 5 °C. Protein concentrations were determined using a bicinchoninic acid protein assay kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and equal amounts of protein (10 µg/lane) were resolved using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). An ImageQuant LAS 3000 mini system (GE Healthcare UK Ltd., Buckinghamshire, UK) was used to detect the proteins. The following antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA): anti-PARP (9542S), anti-cleaved PARP (5625S), anti-phospho ERK1/2 (9101S), and anti-ERK1/2 (4696S). Anti-thymidylate synthase (TS) was produced in Taiho Pharm. Co., Ltd., (Tokyo, Japan), and anti-β-actin (clone AC-74) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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3

Immunoblotting and Protein Isolation Protocols

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The immunoblotting, isolation of nuclear protein fractions, immunoprecipitation and mice protein extraction procedures were performed as previously described [22 (link)].
The primary antibodies used in this work are as follows: human anti-p53 (clone BP53-12, Novocastra Laboratories, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK), mouse anti-p53 (clone 1C12, Cell Signaling Technology, Beverly, MA, USA), anti-RPL11 (clone 3A4A7, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, UK), anti-PARP-1 (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-RPS6 (clone C-8, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA), anti-RPS14 (clone H-130, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-Mdm2 (clone SMP14 and clone H-221, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-Slug (clone C19G7, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-E-cadherin (clone 24E10, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-c-Myc (clone N-262, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-β-actin (clone AC-74, Sigma-Aldrich), and anti-Lamin B (C-20, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were from GE-Healthcare (Milan, Italy).
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4

Quantification of Hyaluronic Acid Levels

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Total cellular proteins were separated on 4–12% NuPAGE Bis-Tris gel (Life Technologies) before transferring to PVDF membrane (Pall Australia, VIC, Australia). The membrane was blocked, incubated with anti-Hyaluronic acid mAb (LS-C315053) (Sapphire Bioscience, NSW, Australia). Anti-β-actin (clone AC-74) (Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the internal control, followed by horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody and subjected to enhanced chemiluminescence (Roche, VIC, Australia).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of Cellular Signaling

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Whole cell extracts were prepared and transferred to membranes with standard methods as described before [15] (link). Membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with the following antibodies: anti-PDCD10 (#SAB1305161), anti-β-Actin (clone AC-74, #A2228) from Sigma-Aldrich; anti-phospho cofilin (sc-12912), anti-cofilin (sc-33779) and anti- Cyclin D1 (sc-8396) from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX, USA); anti-phospho-Mypt1 (#5163), anti-Mypt1 (#2634), anti-phospho-MLC2 (#3671), anti-MLC2 (#8505) and anti-PARP (#9542) from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA); anti-cleaved Caspase 3 (2305-PC-100) from Trevigen (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). GTP-bound Rho was assayed with Rho assay reagent according to manifacturer instructions (#17-294; Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). Chemio-luminescence was detected with Alliance Mini WL2M system (Uvitec, Cambridge, UK).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Membrane Proteins

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Twenty micrograms of total cellular and EV lysates were separated by SDS-PAGE before transferring to PVDF membrane (Pall Australia, VIC, Australia), as described in [4 (link)]. The membrane was blocked overnight with 5% skim milk in PBS and 0.05% Tween 20 and then incubated with anti-P-gp mAb (clone F4; Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Ezrin mAb (clone 3C12; Life Science), anti-Moesin mAb (clone 38/87; Sigma-Aldrich), anti-Radixin pAb (SAB2500859; Sigma-Aldrich) or anti-CD44 pAb (HPA005785; Sigma-Aldrich) for 1 h. Anti-β-actin (clone AC-74; Sigma-Aldrich) was used as the internal control, followed by 1 h incubation with anti-Mouse HRP secondary antibody (Promega, NSW, Australia) at a 1:10,000 dilution. Protein expression was visualised using the ECL (enhanced chemiluminescence) system (Roche Applied Science, Castle Hill, NSW, Australia). The membranes were imaged using the luminescent image analyser LAS-3000 (Fujifilms, Brookvale, NSW, Australia).
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7

Immunoblotting and Nuclear Protein Fractionation

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The immunoblotting, isolation of nuclear protein fractions and immunoprecipitation procedures were performed as previously described.11 (link) Antibodies used in this work were as follows: anti-p53 (clone BP53-12, Novocastra), anti-β-actin (clone AC-74, Sigma-Aldrich), anti-MDM2 (clone SMP14 and clone H-221, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-L11 (clone 3A4A7, Invitrogen), anti-SLUG (clone L40C6, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-E-cadherin (clone 32A8, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-c-Myc (Cell Signaling Technology) and anti-Lamin B (C-20, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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8

Protein Immunodetection and Analysis Protocol

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The following antibodies were used in this study: anti-Girdin (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, #AF5345, for WB and IP), anti-4F2hc (H300, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, for WB, clone MEM-108, Biolegend [#315602] for IP, and mouse monoclonal anti-4F2hc [clone HBJ 127] for IF), anti-glutathione S-transferase (GST) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, #sc-459), anti-Myc (clone 9E10, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-poly-histidine (clone HIS-1, Sigma, St. Louis, MO), anti-Flag (clone M2, Sigma), anti-β-actin (clone AC-74, Sigma), normal mouse IgG (Millipore, Milford, MA, #12–371), and normal sheep IgG (Millipore, #12–515). Antibodies to pS6K (Thr389) (#9205), S6K (#9202), S6 (#2217), pS6 (Ser240/244) (#2215), MAPK (#9102), pMAPK (Thr202/Tyr204) (#9106), Lamp1 (#9109), mTOR (#2983), and LC3B (#2775) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). Flag M2 affinity gel, adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), and amino acids were purchased from Sigma. Phos-tag Acrylamide (Wako, Saitama, Japan) was used for the generation of the Phos-tag gel to analyze protein phosphorylation in cells.
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9

AID Expression and Jak3 Signaling in Leukemia

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Leukemic bone barrow cells from p19Arf-/-Rag1-/-, p19Arf-/-Rag1-/-Aid+/- and p19Arf-/-Rag1-/-Aid-/- mice, switch culture stimulated spleen cells from WT C57BL/6 mice (LPS (20 μg/ml) + IL4 (25 ng/ml) treatment for 4 days) or BaF3 cells (with and without expression of murine Jak3 V670A and after 4h of IL-3 depletion) were lysed in RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8.0, 150 mM NaCl, 0,5 % Sodiumdeoxycholate, 1 % NP-40 substitute, 0,1 % SDS) containing protease/phosphatase inhibitors (Roche Diagnostics). Immunoblotting was carried out using the following antibodies: anti-AID clone L7E7 1:1000 (Cell Signaling), anti-phospho-Stat5 D47E7 (Tyr694) 1:1000 (Cell Signaling), anti-Stat5 1:1000 (Cell Signaling) and anti-β-Actin clone AC-74 1:10000 (Sigma-Aldrich). Detection was carried out using anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase conjugates (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) with an ECL system (Thermo Scientific) (n = 3).
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10

Comprehensive Protein Immunodetection Protocol

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Cells and sEVs were lysed in RIPA buffer (50 mM Tris pH 8, 150 mM NaCl, 1% NP-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 0.1% SDS, 1 mM NaF, 0.1 mM sodium orthovanadate) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (cat. no., 25955; Nacalai Tesque). Lysates and immunoprecipitates were denatured in Laemmli buffer containing DTT and 2-mercaptoethanol, respectively. The denaturation was performed for 2 h at 37 °C for the lysates of EVs and for 5 min at 100 °C for the other samples. After cooling, the proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred onto PVDF membranes, blocked with 5% milk or 2% BSA for 1 h and probed with following primary antibodies: anti-Alix (12422-1-AP; Proteintech), anti-β-actin (clone AC-74; SIGMA), anti-CD9 (ab92726; Abcam), anti-ephrin-A1 (AER-031; Alomone Labs), anti-EphA2 (C-20; Santa Cruz), anti-Erk (#9102; CST), anti-FLAG (PM020; MBL), anti-p21 (C-19; Santa Cruz), anti-phospho-Erk (E-4; Santa Cruz), anti-phospho-p53 (Ser15) (#9284; CST), anti-phosphotyrosine (clone 4G10; Millipore), anti-PTP1B (clone FG6-1G; Millipore) and anti-Rab35 (11329-2-AP; Proteintech). All primary antibodies were diluted to 1 μg ml−1. After washing, membranes were incubated with secondary antibodies (GE Healthcare) (1:1,000) for 1 h at room temperature (RT) and visualized with enhanced chemiluminescence reagents. Uncropped gel images are provided in Supplementary Figs 6–12.
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