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5 protocols using texas red anti mouse

1

Integrin-BMPR1A Colocalization on FMOC-RGD

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Cells
seeded on FMOC-RGD substrates were cultured for 2 days. After this
time, control cells were cultured in standard culture media while
test samples were incubated with 0.1 mg/mL elastase for 24 and 48
h. Colocalization of BMPR1A with the integrins β1 and β5
was performed using immunocytochemistry in the previous section. After
fixation, samples were incubated with a primary antibody cocktail
consisting of rabbit polyclonal anti-BMPR1A (Thermo Scientific; 1:50),
mouse monoclonal anti-integrin β1 (Thermo Scientific; 1:50),
and mouse anti-integrin αvβ5 (R&D system, 1:50) in
1% of BSA/PBS. Secondary antibodies were Texas red anti-mouse (Vector
Laboratories; 1:50) for integrin β1 and β5 and biotinylated
anti-rabbit (Vector laboratories) conjugated with FITC for BMPR1A.
Cells imaged for colocalization of BMPR1A with integrin β1
and β5 were visualized using a Zeiss Axiophot fluorescence microscope
at 40× magnification (0.75 NA). Images were captured using an
Evolution QEi digital monochromatic CCD camera (Media Cybernetics,
USA) with Qcapture imaging software.
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mouse Eyeballs

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Mice were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation and the eyeballs were placed in Prefer solution (Anatech Ltd, Battle Creek, MI) for 15 min at room temperature, followed by 70% ethanol overnight. The tissue was paraffin-embedded, and 5-μm-thick sections were cut and mounted onto slides. Sections were deparaffinized in 2-3 changes of xylene (10 minutes each) and hydrated in 2 changes of 100% ethanol for 3 minutes each, 95% and 80% ethanol for 1 minute each, and then rinsed in distilled water. The slides were washed three times in 1X PBS containing 0.1% Triton-X 100, blocked with horse serum for 1 h, and primary antibody was added overnight at 4°C. For fluorescent detection, slides were incubated with a mixture of Texas-red-anti-mouse and FITC-anti-rabbit antibodies (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA), each diluted 1:200 in PBS with 10% horse serum. After incubation for 1 h at room temperature, the slides were washed with PBS and cover-slipped in 50% glycerol in PBS. Antibody-labeled complexes were examined on a Nikon Eclipse E800 microscope equipped with a digital camera, and images were captured using Metamorph (Universal Imaging, West Chester, PA) image analysis software. All images were captured using identical microscope and camera settings so that intensities of the digital images reflected antibody binding.
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3

HeLa Cell Immunofluorescence Microscopy

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HeLa cells were grown in RPMI 1640 (Gibco) supplemented with heat-inactivated 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Lonza, Switzerland). Transfections were performed using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen). For immuno fluorescence studies, cells were seeded on coverslips (BD Bioscience) and cultured overnight in 12-well dishes. Cells were transfected and, after 16–20 hours, treated with nocodazole (Sigma M1404) at a concentration of 1 μg/ml for 30 min if desired. Cells were fixed with 4% PFA, and processed for immunocytochemistry. Monoclonal mouse anti-β-tubulin (Sigma Aldrich, T4026), mouse anti-FK2 (Enzo Life science, BML-PW8810), Texas Red anti-mouse (Vector Laboratories, TI-2000), Rhodamin phalloidin (Invitrogen R415), Rabbit anti-BtpA (a gift from Marty Roop, East Carolina University, Greenville), FITC anti-rabbit (Vector Laboratories, FI-2000) were used for immune labelling. Immuno fluorescence microscopy was performed using a LEICA DM/IRB microscope using filter sets L5 (band pass (BP) 480/40; Beam splitter (BS) 505; emission BP527/30) and N2.1 (515–560; BS 580; emission long pass (LP) 590), respectively. For imaging we used a Coolsnap fx (Roper Scientifique) and MetaVue software, and images were further processed using Adobe Photoshop. Confocal analysis was performed at the RIO imaging platform in Montpellier, with a Biorad MRC1024 confocal microscope.
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4

Intracellular Trafficking of Extracellular Vesicles

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Cells were plated in chamber slides (Ibidi GmbH, (Martinsried, Germany) and treated with 109 particles ml–1 of DiIC18-EVs. After 16 h or 24 h of incubation, the cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilised with 0.1% Triton X-100 in 1% BSA-PBS and blocked with 1% BSA-PBS. Samples were stained at 4°C overnight with anti-CD44 (1:200, gift from Dr Jalkanen, Turku, Finland), anti-Lamp1 (H4A3, 1:100, IOWA University, Developmental Studies, USA), polyclonal anti-GM130 (1:100) or anti-EEA1 (1:100) (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA). After washing, the cells were incubated for 1 h at RT with Texas red anti-mouse (1:100) or Texas red anti-rabbit (1:500), (Vector Laboratories, Peterborough, UK)). The nuclei were stained with DAPI (1 μg ml–1, Sigma-Aldrich). Confocal images were obtained with Zeiss Axio Observer with Zeiss LSM 800 confocal module (Carl Zeiss Microimaging GmbH, Jena, Germany) using sequential scanning. Co-localisation analyses were conducted using Imaris 7.7.2 software (Bitplane Inc., Belfast, United Kingdom), selecting DiIC18-EVs channel as ROI. Thresholds were automatically adjusted by the software within the ROI. The percentage of ROI material of DiIC18 co-localising with CD44, EEA1, Lamp-1 or GM130 markers was separately analysed from at least eight images containing multiple cells.
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5

Visualizing Endosomal and Lysosomal Dynamics

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After 1 h of time lapse microscopy, cells were fixed for 30 min with 4% formaldehyde solution in PBS at room temperature, then washed with PBS and stained with the antibodies for RAB5 and LAMP1, to evidence endosomal and/or lysosomal colocalization. Briefly, cells were incubated O/N at 4 °C with primary antibodies: LAMP1 (20 μg/mL) and RAB5 (2 μg/mL) (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). After PBS washing, cells were incubated for 1 h at room temperature with Texas Red anti-mouse (Vector Lab, CA, USA) and the IRIS 5-goat anti-mouse (Cyanine Technologies, Torino, Italy) secondary antibodies, respectively. Dried cells were mounted with an anti-photobleaching medium (Vector) and observed at confocal microscopy (Leica DM IRE2) at 40× magnification. Images were acquired after excitation with an Argon laser at 488 nm, a Helium-Neon-Green laser excitation at 543 nm, and a Helium-Neon-Red laser excitation at 633 nm. siRNA/AcPEI were shown as green spots at 510 nm emission, Texas RED positive RAB at 620 nm emission, and IRIS positive LAMP at 680 nm emission. Images were recorded separately in each fluorescence channel and merged afterwards.
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