In order to assess the selectivity of Mnp-Si-W nanoparticles towards Mo(VI), an experiment was conducted using a solution containing Y(III), Sr(II), Cs(I), Eu(III), and La(III) ions at a concentration of 100 mg L−1 from each. The solution also contained 0.05 g of Mnp-Si-W nanoparticles at a pH of 2. After an equilibrium time of 30.0 min, the Mnp-Si-W nanoparticles were separated from the solution using centrifugation. The remaining solution was then analyzed using ICP-OES (Shimadzu Sequential Type, Kyoto, Japan) to determine the initial and residual concentrations of Y(III), Sr(II), Cs(I), Eu(III), and La(III).
Icp oes
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
The ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) is an analytical instrument used for the detection and quantification of trace elements in a wide range of sample types. It utilizes a high-temperature plasma to atomize and excite the elements in a sample, which then emit characteristic wavelengths of light that are detected and measured by the instrument.
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8 protocols using icp oes
1
Selective Removal of Mo(VI) by Mnp-Si-W
2
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
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One hundred mL of ISP-2 medium were inoculated with a single colony of A. tucumanensis and incubated at 30 °C, 150 rpm for 72 h. Afterward, cells were harvested by centrifugation (10,000 x g, 15 min) and the purified cell-free supernatant was used for the biosynthesis. Nitrate reductase activity of the cell-free supernatant was determined according to the protocol described by Vaidyanathan et al. (2010) (link). AgNO3 was added to the cell-free supernatant to a final concentration of 0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mM and incubated in the dark at 30 °C and 150 rpm for 24, 48 and 72 h. The success of the biosynthesis was assessed by scanning the absorbance (300–750 nm) in a UV–visible spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific Multiskan SkyHigh). In addition, the change of color into yellowish-brown that indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was monitored. The synthesized AgNPs were harvested by centrifugation (10,000 x g, 10 min), washed, resuspended in distilled water and stored at 8 °C. The concentration of AgNPs was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) (Shimadzu). ISP-2 medium amended with AgNO3 was used as abiotic control. The same protocol was used for the synthesis of nanoparticles in Minimal Medium.
3
Membrane Filtration for Sr(II) Removal
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The separation performance of the prepared membrane
was evaluated using a self-designed cross-flow filtration apparatus
(Figure 2 ). The Sr(NO3)2 aqueous solution (Sr2+ concentration
= 10 mg/L) was used as the feed solution to simulate the LLRW. 200
mL of feed solution was constantly circulated in the membrane cell
(effective filtration area = 7.07 cm2) at a flow rate of
9.9 mL/min. Each membrane was compacted at 6 bar for 1 h with DI water
to stabilize the permeate flux prior to the filtration test. The filtration
test was carried out afterward at 3 bar.
The water permeance (L·m–2 h–1 bar–1) is calculated according
to the followingeq 3 where V (L) is the volume
of the permeate collected, A (m2) is the
surface area of the membrane, t (h) is the permeation
time, and P is the transmembrane pressure.
The rejection ratios (Rej %) of Sr2+ are defined by
the followingeq 4 where C0 (mg·L–1) and C (mg·L–1) represent the concentration of strontium ion in the initial and
collected solution, respectively. The ion concentrations of the initial
feed solution and 2 h permeate samples were collected and measured
by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Shimadzu,
Japan). All the above experiments for separation performance tests
were repeated three times, and the average values were used for analysis.
was evaluated using a self-designed cross-flow filtration apparatus
(
= 10 mg/L) was used as the feed solution to simulate the LLRW. 200
mL of feed solution was constantly circulated in the membrane cell
(effective filtration area = 7.07 cm2) at a flow rate of
9.9 mL/min. Each membrane was compacted at 6 bar for 1 h with DI water
to stabilize the permeate flux prior to the filtration test. The filtration
test was carried out afterward at 3 bar.
The water permeance (L·m–2 h–1 bar–1) is calculated according
to the following
of the permeate collected, A (m2) is the
surface area of the membrane, t (h) is the permeation
time, and P is the transmembrane pressure.
The rejection ratios (Rej %) of Sr2+ are defined by
the following
collected solution, respectively. The ion concentrations of the initial
feed solution and 2 h permeate samples were collected and measured
by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Shimadzu,
Japan). All the above experiments for separation performance tests
were repeated three times, and the average values were used for analysis.
4
Comprehensive Catalyst Characterization
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Phase analysis of the catalyst is carried out using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD, Empyrean, PANalytical) at CuK ray (λ = 0.15401 nm), working current 300 mA, working voltage 40 kV, scanning speed 0.02° s−1, scanning range 5–80°. Model JSM-5900LV SEM-EDX is used to analyze the surface morphology and element composition of the samples. Model XSAM800 XPS (Kratos, UK) is used to study the surface composition of the sample. The morphology of the samples is observed by JEOL JEM-12100 transmission electron microscope (TEM). The surface properties of the samples are identified by Andor SR-500I Raman spectrum (RM) and Nicolet IS10 Fourier Transform spectrum (FTIR). The reaction mechanism of the mixed materials and the thermal stability of the samples are analyzed by TG-DSC (STA 449F3, Germany). N2 adsorption and desorption data are obtained by Mike 2460 Brunauer–Emmet–Teller technique (BET). DMPO and TEMP are used as trapping agents to analyze the free radicals generated by the reaction using electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR, JEOL JES-FA200). The Zn, Fe and Co ions released from the catalyst are detected by a plasma spectrometer (ICP-OES, Shimadzu, Japan).
5
Ultrasonic Treatment Microstructure Analysis
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Firstly, the erosion morphology of the sonotrode of the ultrasonic-introducing device was observed after ultrasonic treatment. Then, according to the GB/T 3246.2-2000 standard, the sample taken from the ingot was polished with sandpaper, washed with alcohol, and dried. Then, it received macro corrosion and macro grain ranking. The corrodent was prepared with 10 mL of HF with 42% concentration, 5 mL of HCl with 36% concentration, 5 mL of HNO3 with 65% concentration, and 380 mL of water. According to the GB/T 3246.2-2000 standard, the metallographic specimen was ground and polished on an MP-2B grinding and polishing machine (Weiyi Test Equipment Manufacturing Corporation, Laizhou, China), washed with clear water, and etched with the above corrodent for 60 s. Then the metallurgical structure of the ingot was observed through an OLYCLA-DSX500(OLYMPUS Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) metallurgical microscope and the morphology, size, and distribution of its precipitation phase were observed through a Phenom automatic table scanning electron microscope (Phenom-world BV, Eindhoven, Holland). In addition, the amount of alloying element was analyzed by EDS (energy dispersion spectrometer). An Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES, Shimadzu Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was also used to test the chemical components of different positions.
6
Calcium Oxalate Binding Assay
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For compound–CaOx binding studies, CaOx crystallization was induced in Bis‐Tris buffer (pH 6.2) containing 5 mm equimolar of CaCl2 and NaOx, and 10 µm of OEG4‐(IP5)2 in a total volume of 1 mL. Negative control presents the same sample without OEG4‐(IP5)2, positive control contains OEG4‐(IP5)2 only. Samples were vortexed and incubated for 1 h at room temperature before centrifugation and filtration using a 10 kD spin column at 10 000 × g for 5 min to separate particles from the solution. The filtrate was diluted 1:10 in ddH2O and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry analysis using an ICP‐OES Shimadzu (Kyoto, Japan). As a Calibration curve P/S/Si 0.05–20 mg L−1 was used.
7
Lung Cerium Content Analysis in Mice
8
Determination of Metal(II) Ions
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L-tartaric acid (Tar) and L-malic acid (Mal) were obtained from Merck and used without further purification. Copper(II), cobalt(II), and nickel(II) nitrates from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim am Albuch Baden-Württemberg, Germany) were purified by recrystallization from water. In the first step, the complexometric methods were used for determination of the concentration of metal(II) ions in the solution, and next, were confirmed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). All solutions, which were used in the experiments, were prepared using demineralized carbonated-free water (conductivity 0.055 µs).
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